Geometrically non-linear forced vibration analysis of higher-order shear-deformable functionally graded material beam under harmonic excitation and supported on three-parameter non-linear elastic foundation is presented. The beam is immovably clamped and is considered to be under static thermal loading due to uniform temperature rise. Reddy’s third-order shear-deformable beam theory in conjunction with von Kármán geometric non-linearity is considered to derive the governing equations employing Hamilton’s principle, and Ritz method is followed for approximating the displacement and rotation fields. A numerical algorithm based on iterative substitution method and Broyden’s method is proposed to predict the stable regions of frequency-response behavior. The frequency-response curves are presented in normalized plane for variations of load-amplitude, elastic foundation parameters, temperature rise, gradation index and functionally graded material composition, and their effects are discussed in detail. It is found that the load-amplitude, elastic foundation parameters, thermal loading and some of the functionally graded material compositions significantly affect the frequency response; whereas, the effect of gradation index is found to be relatively small. A comparative frequency-response curve between Voigt model and Mori–Tanaka scheme of functionally graded material modeling is presented, and it shows negligible difference between these two models. The present problem under thermal environment is studied for the first time through this work, and the proposed model and the numerical algorithm provide a simplified approach to study the non-linear frequency-response behavior.
Ti–6Al–4V microstructural functionally graded material by additive manufacturing: Experiment and computational modelling
