Taxonomy of Object Detection methods: A Survey

Object detection (OD) within a video is one of the relevant and critical research areas in the computer vision field. Due to the widespread of Artificial Intelligence, the basic principle in real life nowadays and its exponential growth predicted in the epochs to come, it will transmute the public. Object Detection has been extensively implemented in several areas, including human-machine Interaction, autonomous vehicles, security with video surveillance, and various fields that will be mentioned further. However, this augmentation of OD tackles different challenges such as occlusion, illumination variation, object motion, without ignoring the real-time aspect that can be quite problematic. This paper also includes some methods of application to take into account these issues. These techniques are divided into five subcategories: Point Detection, segmentation, supervised classifier, optical flow, a background modeling. This survey decorticates various methods and techniques used in object detection, as well as application domains and the problems faced. Our study discusses the cruciality of deep learning algorithms and their efficiency on future improvement in object detection topics within video sequences.

A Survey of Traditional and Customized Bus Transportation Planning Methodologies

Transportation planning is an area of public policy that is increasingly recognized for having a significant impact on human health and well-being. Passengers all across the world are choosing bus transit as one of the most cost-effective ways of transportation. The number of passengers who use this mode of transportation is steadily increasing. According to statistics, the bus was India's most popular mode of transportation in 2014. A bus was viewed as a mode of transportation by 66 percent of families in rural areas and 62 percent of households in urban areas. With increased demand, there is a concern about efficiently organizing this service. Because a lack of planning can generate major problems in the real world, such as traffic jams and high operating expenses, it is a source of concern for corporate and government entities who provide this service. In this paper, a review on various bus transit planning approaches and stages and methodologies used in each stage of the customized bus planning strategy is presented. This study will assist bus service organizing entities, whether private or public, in efficiently organizing bus service

Hardness and Microstructure Homogeneity of Pure Copper and Iron-Chromium Alloy Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation

Hardness and microstructure homogeneity of pure copper and iron-chromium alloy processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) were investigated in grain refinement. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the well-known techniques of the SPD technique due to their up-scale ability and other methods. SPD was applied to pure copper and iron-chromium alloy at comparable temperatures up to four passes. The microstructure and microhardness were observed and measured in the transverse plane for each billet. The homogeneity observation was carried out from the sub-surface until in the middle of the billet. The result showed that the deformed structure appeared adequately after the first pass and had a higher hardness level. The first pass showed a higher inhomogeneity factor than the fourth pass due to the homogeneity microstructure. The hardness also showed homogeneous value along the transverse plane, and it was concluded that ECAP could achieve complete homogeneity in grain refinement

Effect of Microstructure Evolution and Corrosion Behavior on Phase Transformation of Nanocrystalline SUS304 Prepared by Dry Ice Shot Peening

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline SUS304 by dry ice shot peening has been investigated in detail in term of phase transformation. SUS304 as metastable austenitic stainless has excellent corrosion resistance and induced martensite by shot peening process. However, the SUS304 has quite low strength which is difficult to wear as metallic component. The dry ice shot peening process was carried out on SUS304 surface for one and three hours. The microstructure was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The phase transformation was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion testing was carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution. The result indicated that the grain size of SUS304 surface was finer by deformation due to dry ice shot peened process. The hardness was improved properly by the increasing the shot peened time, and the corrosion resistance was increased. The XRD results showed that three hours shot peening process induced martensite phase of SUS304 by 15 m thickness. It can be summarized that the dry ice shot peening can be induced phase transformation due to high deformation on the SUS304 surface

Comparison of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms to Prioritize Regression Test Cases

Regression testing is one of the most critical testing activities among software product verification activities. Nevertheless, resources and time constraints could inhibit the execution of a full regression test suite, hence leaving us in confusion on what test cases to run to preserve the high quality of software products. Different techniques can be applied to prioritize test cases in resource-constrained environments, such as manual selection, automated selection, or hybrid approaches. Different Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) have been used in this domain to find an optimal solution to minimize the cost of executing a regression test suite while obtaining maximum fault detection coverage as if the entire test suite was executed. MOEAs achieve this by selecting set of test cases and determining the order of their execution. In this paper, three Multi Objective Evolutionary Algorithms, namely, NSGA-II, IBEA and MoCell are used to solve test case prioritization problems using the fault detection rate and branch coverage of each test case. The paper intends to find out what’s the most effective algorithm to be used in test cases prioritization problems, and which algorithm is the most efficient one, and finally we examined if changing the fitness function would impose a change in results. Our experiment revealed that NSGA-II is the most effective and efficient MOEA; moreover, we found that changing the fitness function caused a significant reduction in evolution time, although it did not affect the coverage metric.

Microstructure and Strain Hardening Behaviour of Iron Chromium Alloy Subjected by Severe Plastic Deformation

Microstructure and strain hardening behaviour of iron-chromium alloy subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) have been investigated in grain refinement and deformation routes. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was used in this SPD technique due to their un-change dimension billet. The purpose of this research is to investigate the structure and the strain hardening of iron chromium alloy subjected by ECAP process. The ECAP process was carried by routes A, Bc and C up to four passes at 423 K temperature. The strength of the material was measured by tensile testing with 3 mm gauge length, and the strain hardening behaviour was investigated based on the true stress-strain curve. The effect of the deformation route on microstructure and texture was observed by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis at the normal, transverse and rolling direction. The result showed that route Bc showed the highest strength and ductility of the ECAP processed material compare to other routes due to their 90 degrees rotation of each ECAP passes number. The increased strength of materials was also associated with grain refinement and accumulation dislocation. It concluded that the ECAP process by route Bc could be used for further material treatment and application for industrial purposes.

Novel Architecture of Content Delivery Network Based on Big Data for Power Saving

This paper proposes an architecture of content delivery network (CDN) based on big data for power saving. There are two types of video content: hot content and cold content. When video content is accessed frequently, it is called hot content. Conversely, when video content is accessed infrequently, it is called cold content. In CDN, there is an origin server and a CDN cache server. A CDN cache server has a replicated content and provides its content to the end users nearby. Therefore, the user can receive the requested content from the closest proximity for fast content. The proposed architecture in this paper powers off the cold content server in CDN cache server when the number of cold content requests decreases. Hence, the proposed architecture for content delivery services based on power saving is expected to be useful for providing multimedia streaming services with low power consumption for content providers.

Machine Learning Techniques for Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS): A Survey

In computer network, security of the network is a major issue and intrusion is the most common threats to security. Cyber attacks detection is becoming more enlightened challenge in detecting these threats accurately. In network security, intrusion detection system (IDS) has played a vital role to detect intrusion. In recent years, numerous methods have been proposed for intrusion detection to detect these security threats. This survey paper study examines recent work in the topic of network security, machine learning based techniques as well as a discussion of the many datasets that are commonly used to evaluate IDS. It also explains how researchers employ Machine Learning Based Techniques to detect intrusions

Effect of Preliminary Deformation on Microstructure and Texture of Iron-Chromium Alloy Prepared by Severe Plastic Deformation

The effect of preliminary deformation on the microstructure and texture of iron-chromium alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been investigated in grain refinement and inhomogeneity structure. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a well-known SPD process that uses a die channel with a sharp angle. The texture and misorientation map of ECAP processed material was observed electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, providing information on structure evolution. The observation was done in the transverse plane from the middle to the sub-surface. The data logger also records the pressure of the ECAP process. The result showed that the sub-surface has a more deformed structure than the middle due to the die channel's sharp angle and shear direction. The texture exhibited a random orientation after the first pass ECAP process. The stacking fault energy and accumulation dislocation are also associated with this process. Several shear bands can be seen clearly, which is parallel to the shear direction. It concluded that the preliminary deformation by ECAP was effective to promote grain refinement due to their high equivalent strain

Microstructure and Mechanical properties development of ZA27 alloy through heat treatment

In this work, ZA-27 alloy was fabricated and solid solution treatment at 120, 240 and 360 °C for 1 hr., microstructure and physical properties of alloy were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. Results observed that the microstructure of ZA-27 alloy manufactured (as-cast) was composed of α, β, η and ε phases, then decomposed to β phase at 360 oC. The heat treatment of ZA-27 alloys influenced on microstructure, decreasing of strength and hardness, but also causes increasing of elongation. The wear rates of changes increase with increasing solid solution treatment