scholarly journals Propagation of IMC67 Plants, Universal Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Rootstock via Somatic Embryogenesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Tatiana Osorio Montoya ◽  
Ana María Henao Ramírez ◽  
Tatiana de la Hoz Vasquez ◽  
Aura Inés Urrea Trujillo
Author(s):  
Soedarsianto Soedarsianto ◽  
Teguh Iman Santoso

Clonal plants that produced by somatic embryogenesis technique is one of the best choice to produce supperior clonal cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) planting materials. The somatic embryogenesis technique is a possible way for massive propagation, the outcome is true to type plants, the architecture similarity that the seedlings but there is not segregation like seedlings plants. At present mass production started of plantlets production until post-acclimatized plantlets of somatic embryogenesis cocoa was done at Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Distribution system of the planting materials to whole areas in form of as up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlet. Some problems identified to reduce probability of decreasing viability of up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlets and one of them is extreme internal water deficit. This research investigate of the influece storage condition (air tight and non-air tight) and box storage (mica plastic and cardboardbox). The first experiment result show, there is no significant different between mica plastic and cardboard box usage for storage of post-acclimatized cocoa pantlet. Viability of up-rooted post acclimatized cocoa plantlet influenced exactly by air tight and non-air tight storage condition. Air tight storage condition have better viability of up-rooted post acclimatised (81,58%) than non-air tight storage condition (65,00%). Leaf sanasence on air tight storage condition (10,33%) lower than non-air tight storage (32,58%). There is not significantly on volume storage per plantlet between 4.416 cm3 and 12.600 cm3. Relationship between fallen leaves and cocoa planlet viability follow negative linear correlation y = -1,4719x + 104,88 (R2 = 0,9772). The second experiment treatment showed that maximal storage periode of post cclimatized cocoa plantlet just until 6 days stored (97%) and not significant with 3 days one. Viability of post acclimatized cocoa plantlet decreased after 6 days storage period.Key words : Somatic embryogenesis, post acclimatized cacao plantlet, storage condition, box storage, volume storage, storage period and viability.


2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siela N. Maximova ◽  
Ann Young ◽  
Sharon Pishak ◽  
Mark J. Guiltinan

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouassi Kan Modeste ◽  
◽  
Manlé Tokpapon Eliane ◽  
Koné Daouda ◽  
Soumahoro André Brahima ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Alexandra Pila Quinga ◽  
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga ◽  
Leila do Nascimento Vieira ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
NUR AJIJAH

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Embriogenesis somatik kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) telah banyak<br />dilaporkan  dengan  penggunaan  zat  pengatur  tumbuh  (ZPT)  yang<br />bervariasi. Penggunaan thidiazuron untuk menginduksi embriogenesis<br />somatik kakao telah dilaporkan melalui dua tahap induksi kalus. Penelitian<br />ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas thidiazuron menginduksi<br />embriogenesis somatik kakao melalui satu tahap induksi kalus. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Unit Pengembangan Benih<br />Unggul, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Bogor. Empat taraf thidiazuron (0; 2,5;<br />5,0; dan 10 µg/l) dikombinasikan dengan 2,4-D 2 mg/l<br />digunakan untuk<br />menginduksi kalus dan embrio somatik 3 klon kakao (TSH858, Sca6, dan<br />ICS13) menggunakan eksplan mahkota bunga dan staminoid. Media dasar<br />DKW tanpa ZPT digunakan sebagai kontrol. Penelitian disusun dalam<br />rancangan lingkungan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Setiap unit<br />percobaan terdiri dari sepuluh eksplan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi<br />persentase pembentukan kalus umur 2 dan 4 minggu, penampakan visual<br />kalus, persentase eksplan membentuk embrio somatik, dan jumlah embrio<br />somatik per eksplan umur 10 dan 14 minggu. Kalus terbentuk pada media<br />dengan penambahan hanya 2,4-D atau 2,4-D + thidiazuron, namun embrio<br />somatik hanya terbentuk pada media dengan penambahan 2,4-D +<br />thidiazuron. Pembentukan kalus dan embrio somatik sangat dipengaruhi<br />oleh tipe eksplan dan genotipe. Klon Sca6 lebih responsif dibandingkan<br />TSH858 dan ICS13 dan eksplan staminoid lebih responsif dibandingkan<br />mahkota bunga. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh interaksi<br />yang kuat antara ZPT, genotipe, dan tipe eksplan terhadap pembentukan<br />kalus dan embrio somatik kakao serta tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil yang<br />nyata antara pembentukan embrio somatik melalui satu dan dua tahap<br />induksi kalus.<br />Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., genotipe, eksplan, zat pengatur tumbuh</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Somatic embryogenesis of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) has been<br />widely reported with varied of plant growth regulators (PGR) used. The<br />use of thidiazuron in inducing somatic embryogenesis of cacao has been<br />reported through a two-step callus induction. The study aimed to evaluate<br />the effectiveness of thidiazuron in inducing somatic embryogenesis of<br />cacao through a one-step of callus induction. The study was conducted at<br />the tissue culture laboratory of Agricultural Seed Development Unit,<br />Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Bogor.<br />Four levels of thidiazuron (0; 2.5; 5.0; and 10 µg/l) in combination with 2<br />mg/l  2,4-D  were  used  for  inducing  callogenesis  and  somatic<br />embryogenesis of three cacao clones (TSH858, Sca6, and ICS13) using<br />petals and staminoids explants. DKW basal medium without PGR was<br />used as a control. The result showed that callus were formed on medium<br />containing only 2,4-D or 2,4-D + thidiazuron, while embryos were only<br />formed on medium containing 2,4-D + thidiazuron. The formation of<br />callus and somatic embryos were highly affected by explant types and<br />genotypes. Sca6 clone was more responsive than TSH858 and ICS13 and<br />staminoids were more responsive than petals. The results of this study<br />revealed that there was a strong interaction between the PGRs, genotypes,<br />and explant types on the formation of cacao callus and somatic embryos.<br />Results of this study also showed no significant difference between the<br />formation of somatic embryos through one and two steps of callus<br />induction.<br />Keywords: Theobroma cacao L., genotypes, explants, plant growth<br />regulators</p>


Author(s):  
Adi Prawoto

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although  the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance


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