scholarly journals Cytosine methylation patterns suggest a role of methylation in plastic and adaptive responses to temperature in European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) populations

Epigenetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tiina Sävilammi ◽  
Spiros Papakostas ◽  
Erica H. Leder ◽  
L. Asbjørn Vøllestad ◽  
Paul V. Debes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Thymallus Thymallus ◽  
European Grayling ◽  
Methylation Patterns

scholarly journals Genetic population structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in a large Norwegian lake

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Alexander Pettersen ◽  
Claudia Junge ◽  
Kjartan Østbye ◽  
Tor Atle Mo ◽  
Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Thymallus Thymallus ◽  
Homing Behavior ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Monogenean Parasite ◽  
European Grayling ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Abstract Understanding how populations are structured in space and time is a central question in evolutionary biology. Parasites and their hosts are assumed to evolve together, however, detailed understanding of mechanisms leading to genetic structuring of parasites and their hosts are lacking. As a parasite depends on its host, studying the genetic structure of both parasite and host can reveal important insights into these mechanisms. Here, genetic structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) was investigated in 10 tributaries draining into the large Lake Mjøsa in Norway. The population genetic structure of spawning grayling was studied using microsatellite genotyping, while G. thymalli was studied by sequencing a mitochondrial DNA gene (dehydrogenase subunit 5). Two main genetic clusters were revealed in grayling, one cluster comprising grayling from the largest spawning population, while the remaining tributaries formed the second cluster. For both taxa, some genetic differentiation was observed among tributaries, but there was no clear isolation-by-distance signature. The structuring was stronger for the host than for the parasite. These results imply that moderate to high levels of gene flow occur among the sub-populations of both taxa. The high parasite exchange among tributaries could result from a lack of strong homing behavior in grayling as well as interactions among individual fish outside of the spawning season, leading to frequent mixing of both host and parasite.

scholarly journals Role of warm ischemia on innate and adaptive responses in a preclinical renal auto-transplanted porcine model

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludivine Rossard ◽  
Frédéric Favreau ◽  
Sebastien Giraud ◽  
Raphael Thuillier ◽  
Sylvain Le Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Model ◽  
Warm Ischemia ◽  
Adaptive Responses

Heterochromatin Studies and Localization of NORs in European Grayling (Thymallus Thymallus, Pisces, Thymallidae)

Caryologia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kalat ◽  
B. Mayr ◽  
P. Rab ◽  
W. Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Thymallus Thymallus ◽  
European Grayling

Adaptations in the Muscle Cell to Training: Role of the Na+-K+-Atpase

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Exercise Adaptation ◽  
Altered Regulation ◽  
Key Words Muscle

The plasticity of skeletal muscle is evident following the onset of regular contractile activity where extensive adaptations can be observed at all levels of organization. Among the properties subject to altered regulation is the Na+-K+-ATPase, an integral membrane protein distributed throughout the sarcolemma and t-tubule, which functions to maintain high Na+ and K+ transmembrane gradients. This protein is uniquely positioned to control muscle excitation and contraction processes, metabolic flux rates, and contractility. Pronounced and rapid upregulation in the Na+-K+-ATPase content can be observed within the first days of exercise and well before the other major ATPase proteins involved in Ca2+ and actomyosin cycling. Moreover, the Na+-K+-ATPase is subject to complex messenger regulation, involved both in the accommodation and the adaptive responses to contractile activity. This emphasizes that adaptive responses can be mediated soon after the onset of training and may have profound affects on muscle contractility and other cellular adaptations. Key Words: muscle, strain, exercise, adaptation, accommodation

scholarly journals FOLIC ACID, VITAMIN B12, AND DNA METHYLATION: AN UPDATE.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhongir Aparna Varma ◽  
Srilatha Bashetti ◽  
Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Kumar Sai Sailesh
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aberrant Methylation ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Methylation Patterns

 Epigenetics is one of the exciting and fastest expanding fields of biology; this is above genetics. Methylation is the process involved in the transfer of methyl group to amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNA of all the cells, and tissues of the body. During cell-division low folate availability may result in decreased production of thymidine wherein uracil may be substituted in the place of thymidine in the DNA sequence. It was reported that folate and Vitamin B12 restricted diet resulted in aberrant methylation patterns. The current review was undertaken to explore the role of folic acid and Vitamin B12 in DNA methylation.

scholarly journals Structural insights into CpG-specific DNA methylation by human DNA methyltransferase 3B

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 3949-3961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Chu Lin ◽  
Yi-Ping Chen ◽  
Wei-Zen Yang ◽  
James C K Shen ◽  
Hanna S Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Abstract DNA methyltransferases are primary enzymes for cytosine methylation at CpG sites of epigenetic gene regulation in mammals. De novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B create DNA methylation patterns during development, but how they differentially implement genomic DNA methylation patterns is poorly understood. Here, we report crystal structures of the catalytic domain of human DNMT3B–3L complex, noncovalently bound with and without DNA of different sequences. Human DNMT3B uses two flexible loops to enclose DNA and employs its catalytic loop to flip out the cytosine base. As opposed to DNMT3A, DNMT3B specifically recognizes DNA with CpGpG sites via residues Asn779 and Lys777 in its more stable and well-ordered target recognition domain loop to facilitate processive methylation of tandemly repeated CpG sites. We also identify a proton wire water channel for the final deprotonation step, revealing the complete working mechanism for cytosine methylation by DNMT3B and providing the structural basis for DNMT3B mutation-induced hypomethylation in immunodeficiency, centromere instability and facial anomalies syndrome.

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