Intrusive thoughts in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and non-clinical participants: a comparison using the International Intrusive Thought Interview Schedule

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Bouvard ◽  
Nathalie Fournet ◽  
Anne Denis ◽  
Adelaide Sixdenier ◽  
David Clark
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Intrusive Thought ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

WHY ARE CERTAIN INTRUSIVE THOUGHTS MORE UPSETTING THAN OTHERS?

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Rowa ◽  
Christine Purdon
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Intrusive Thought ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Value System ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Self Consistent

Recent cognitive behavioural models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest that the misinterpretation of the meaning of intrusive thoughts plays a pivotal role in the escalation of these thoughts to clinical obsessions, but less attention has been paid to why only certain intrusive thoughts become the focus of these misappraisals. Theoretical speculation suggests that thoughts that have relevance for an individual's value system or sense of self may be particularly salient and upsetting for people. The role of thought appraisal and contradiction of valued aspects of self were examined in a nonclinical population. It was hypothesized that participants reporting on upsetting intrusive thoughts would appraise these thoughts negatively and would report that these thoughts contradict important aspects of self to a greater degree than participants reporting on less upsetting intrusive thoughts. Participants (N = 64) were randomly assigned to report on either the most or least upsetting intrusive thought they had experienced. They completed questionnaires on appraisals of these thoughts, valued aspects of self, and contradiction of self. Consistent with predictions, participants reporting on more upsetting thoughts appraised these thoughts in a more negative manner and reported that these thoughts contradicted valued aspects of self to a greater degree than participants in the least upsetting thought group. These results support Salkovskis' (1985) and Rachman's (1997, 1998) cognitive behavioural models of OCD, and suggest that the degree of contradiction of self may help us understand why some obsessional thoughts are much more upsetting than others.

scholarly journals Effects of rumination on unwanted intrusive thoughts: A replication and extension

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 204380872091258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kollárik ◽  
Marcel van den Hout ◽  
Carlotta V. Heinzel ◽  
Patrizia D. Hofer ◽  
Roselind Lieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Intrusive Thought ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Car Accident ◽  
Previous Experimental Study

Studies indicate that rumination might play a role in obsessive–compulsive disorder. In a previous experimental study, rumination about an unwanted intrusive thought (UIT) maintained the urge to neutralize this thought. We sought to replicate and extend these findings with measures of behavioral and mental neutralizing. Additionally, we investigated possible mechanisms that might be involved in the effects of rumination on the UIT. We activated a UIT by asking students ( N = 105) to write down a sentence stating that they wished a loved person would die in a car accident. Participants were randomly allocated to rumination about the UIT, rumination about negative mood, or distraction. As predicted, rumination about the UIT maintained the urge to neutralize the UIT, relative to rumination about negative mood and distraction. In addition, rumination about the UIT also maintained distress associated with the UIT compared to rumination about negative mood and distraction. The effects of rumination did not extend to behavioral or mental neutralizing. UIT frequency and vividness were unaffected by rumination. The present findings strengthen the confidence that rumination contributes to the maintenance of UITs.

OCD

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Repetitive Behaviours ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

People with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) experience unpleasant and intrusive thoughts, images, doubts or urges (called obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (called compulsions). Compulsions are usually carried out as a way of reducing the distress caused by obsessions. OCD takes many different forms and causes distress and interference to day-to-day life. 

The Unified Protocol for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Johanna Thompson-Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Unified Protocol

The case of a 25-year-old male with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is presented in this chapter. The patient, “Luke,” had primary obsessions related to harm befalling his family and girlfriend, as well as fears of contamination. His primary compulsions included mental “undoing,” in his words, and repeating actions. He engaged in significant avoidance around potential contaminants. The text reviews Luke’s course of treatment with the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP), including the application of each treatment module and attention to challenging issues that arose in this case. Specific attention is devoted to the use of cognitive reappraisal in the UP for OCD, managing symptom accommodation by family members, and exposure in the context of intrusive thoughts and mental rituals.

scholarly journals Comorbidity in Juvenile Obsessive—Compulsive Disorder: A Report from India

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
YC Janardhan Reddy ◽  
P Srinivas Reddy ◽  
S Srinath ◽  
S Khanna ◽  
SP Sheshadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Disruptive Disorders

Objective: Using minimal exclusion criteria, to assess systematically the psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and compare the findings with those of previous studies. Method: Fifty-four children and adolescents who satisfied DSM-III-R criteria for OCD were assessed using a structured interview schedule, the Children's version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), and the questionnaire for tic disorders. All 54 subjects were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) services of the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, South India. Diagnoses were determined consensually after a review of all the available data. Results: Comorbidity was found in 69% of the sample: 22% were diagnosed with disruptive disorders; 20% met criteria for mood disorders; 19% had anxiety disorders; and 17% had tic disorders. Only 1 subject had bipolar disorder, and none had psychosis. The rates for individual diagnoses—in particular, the rates for disruptive disorders, bipolar disorder, and psychosis—were considerably lower than those reported in previous studies. Conclusions: Patterns of comorbidity in this study differed from those previously reported. Novel patterns of comorbidity with disruptive disorders, bipolar disorder, and psychosis reported in a few recent studies were not replicated in this study. These differences are probably due to different ascertainment methods. Comorbidity needs to be assessed in large epidemiological samples before definite associations can be made between certain comorbid disorders and juvenile OCD.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Behavioral, Physiological, and Neurobiological Cognitive Regulation Alterations in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Sónia Ferreira ◽  
José Miguel Pêgo ◽  
Pedro Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Regulation ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Pubmed Database

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by cognitive regulation deficits. However, the current literature has focused on executive functioning and emotional response impairments in this disorder. Herein, we conducted a systematic review of studies assessing the behavioral, physiological, and neurobiological alterations in cognitive regulation in obsessive-compulsive patients using the PubMed database. Most of the studies included explored behavioral (distress, arousal, and frequency of intrusive thoughts) and neurobiological measures (brain activity and functional connectivity) using affective cognitive regulation paradigms. Our results pointed to the advantageous use of reappraisal and acceptance strategies in contrast to suppression to reduce distress and frequency of intrusive thoughts. Moreover, we observed alterations in frontoparietal network activity during cognitive regulation. Our conclusions are limited by the inclusion of underpowered studies with treated patients. Nonetheless, our findings support the OCD impairments in cognitive regulation of emotion and might help to improve current guidelines for cognitive therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document