This paper reviews the pathways that large volume utility wastes can take which can cause environmental effects. Potential interactions of the environment with land-disposed utility wastes include: (1) effects on local air quality, (2) efforts on soils and vegetation, (3) phytotoxicity, (4) groundwater effeccts, (5) effects on surface waters, and (6) disposal site washout. Both natural and engineered mitigating mechanisms are reviewed.
The conversion of residue, by extraction processing of aluminum ions from coal fly ash to zeolitic materials by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of NaOH solution, was investigated and the resulting material characterized.
Enhancing the removal efficiency of methylene blue in water by fly ash via a modified adsorbent with alkaline thermal hydrolysis treatment