scholarly journals The Magnitude and Distance Decay of Trade in Goods and Services: New Evidence for European Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn J. Burger ◽  
Mark J. P. M. Thissen ◽  
Frank G. van Oort ◽  
Dario Diodato
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Distance Decay ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Services Trade Policies and Economic Integration: New Evidence for Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Bernard Hoekman ◽  
Ben Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Services Trade ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Regulatory Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract This paper applies machine learning to recreate to a high degree of accuracy the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) to provide quantitative evidence on the restrictiveness of services policies in 2016 for a sample of developing countries, using regulatory data collected by the World Bank and WTO. Resulting estimates are used to extend the OECD STRI approach to 23 additional countries, producing what we term a Services Policy Index (SPI). Converting the SPI to ad valorem equivalent terms shows that services policies are typically much more restrictive than tariffs on imports of goods, in particular in professional services and telecommunications. The SPI has strong explanatory power for bilateral trade in services at the sectoral level, as well as for aggregate goods and services trade.

scholarly journals Wage response to global production links: evidence for workers from 28 European countries (2005–2014)

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-801
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Parteka ◽  
Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
High Income ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Occupational Task ◽  
Backward Linkages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Using rich individual level data on workers from 28 European countries, this study provides the first so extensive cross-country assessment of wage response to global production links within GVC in the period 2005–2014. Unlike the other studies, the authors (i) address the importance of backward linkages in globally integrated production structures (capturing imports of goods and services needed in any stage of the production of the final product); (ii) measure occupational task profile of workers with country-specific indices of routinisation; (iii) compare the impact of global production links on wages between workers from Western, Central-Eastern and Southern Europe; employed in manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors; (iv) account for direct and indirect dependence on GVC imports from developing and high income countries. The study takes into account the potential endogeneity issues. The  results suggest that global import intensity of production exhibits negative pressure on wages in Europe. This effect concerns mainly workers from Western Europe employed in manufacturing and is driven by production links with non-high income countries but our counterfactual estimates suggest that the effect is economically small.

scholarly journals Do foreign banks intensify borrower discouragement? The role of developed European institutions in ameliorating SME financing constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mol-Gómez-Vázquez ◽  
Ginés Hernández-Cánovas ◽  
Johanna Koëter-Kant
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Banking Union ◽  
Financing Constraints ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Debt Enforcement ◽  
New Evidence

The growing activity of foreign banks in most European countries may increase financing constraints by intensifying the problem of borrower discouragement. We provide new evidence of this association by analysing a sample of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in 25 developed and developing European countries. We find that financing constraints increase with foreign banks for those SMEs operating in countries where the share of banking assets owned by foreign banks is above 34%. Our results also show that borrower discouragement may decrease, or increase less, with the presence of foreign banks for SMEs operating in countries with high income, with cheap debt enforcement mechanisms, or having a private bureau that provides credit information about firms and individuals. These results suggest that unification towards better institutions needs to occur in Europe before the banking union progresses to a more open banking system.

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