In vitrointeractions betweenMentha piperitaL. and a non-mycorrhizal endophyte: root morphogenesis, fungus development and nutritional relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fusconi ◽  
Antonio Trotta ◽  
Stefania Dho ◽  
Wanda Camusso ◽  
Marco Mucciarelli
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphogenesis ◽  
Fungus Development

scholarly journals The human EDAR 370V/A polymorphism affects tooth root morphology potentially through the modification of a reaction–diffusion system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kataoka ◽  
Hironori Fujita ◽  
Mutsumi Isa ◽  
Shimpei Gotoh ◽  
Akira Arasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Reaction Diffusion System ◽  
Diffusion System ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Root Morphogenesis

AbstractMorphological variations in human teeth have long been recognized and, in particular, the spatial and temporal distribution of two patterns of dental features in Asia, i.e., Sinodonty and Sundadonty, have contributed to our understanding of the human migration history. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such dental variations have not yet been completely elucidated. Recent studies have clarified that a nonsynonymous variant in the ectodysplasin A receptor gene (EDAR370V/A; rs3827760) contributes to crown traits related to Sinodonty. In this study, we examined the association between theEDARpolymorphism and tooth root traits by using computed tomography images and identified that the effects of theEDARvariant on the number and shape of roots differed depending on the tooth type. In addition, to better understand tooth root morphogenesis, a computational analysis for patterns of tooth roots was performed, assuming a reaction–diffusion system. The computational study suggested that the complicated effects of theEDARpolymorphism could be explained when it is considered that EDAR modifies the syntheses of multiple related molecules working in the reaction–diffusion dynamics. In this study, we shed light on the molecular mechanisms of tooth root morphogenesis, which are less understood in comparison to those of tooth crown morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Actin filaments mediated root growth inhibition by changing their distribution under UV-B and hydrogen peroxide exposure in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiting Du ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Huize Chen ◽  
Rong Han
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Root Morphogenesis

Abstract Background UV-B signaling in plants is mediated by UVR8, which interacts with transcriptional factors to induce root morphogenesis. However, research on the downstream molecules of UVR8 signaling in roots is still scarce. As a wide range of functional cytoskeletons, how actin filaments respond to UV-B-induced root morphogenesis has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of actin filaments on root morphogenesis under UV-B and hydrogen peroxide exposure in Arabidopsis. Results A Lifeact-Venus fusion protein was used to stain actin filaments in Arabidopsis. The results showed that UV-B inhibited hypocotyl and root elongation and caused an increase in H2O2 content only in the root but not in the hypocotyl. Additionally, the actin filaments in hypocotyls diffused under UV-B exposure but were gathered in a bundle under the control conditions in either Lifeact-Venus or uvr8 plants. Exogenous H2O2 inhibited root elongation in a dose-dependent manner. The actin filaments changed their distribution from filamentous to punctate in the root tips and mature regions at a lower concentration of H2O2 but aggregated into thick bundles with an abnormal orientation at H2O2 concentrations up to 2 mM. In the root elongation zone, the actin filament arrangement changed from lateral to longitudinal after exposure to H2O2. Actin filaments in the root tip and elongation zone were depolymerized into puncta under UV-B exposure, which showed the same tendency as the low-concentration treatments. The actin filaments were hardly filamentous in the maturation zone. The dynamics of actin filaments in the uvr8 group under UV-B exposure were close to those of the control group. Conclusions The results indicate that UV-B inhibited Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation by reorganizing actin filaments from bundles to a loose arrangement, which was not related to H2O2. UV-B disrupted the dynamics of actin filaments by changing the H2O2 level in Arabidopsis roots. All these results provide an experimental basis for investigating the interaction of UV-B signaling with the cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Contribution of Mesenchymal Proliferation in Tooth Root Morphogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-J. Sohn ◽  
M.-A. Choi ◽  
H. Yamamoto ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
Y. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Root ◽  
Root Morphogenesis

Root Morphology Mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Baskin ◽  
AS Betzner ◽  
R Hoggart ◽  
A Cork ◽  
RE Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Root Morphogenesis ◽  
Type Rate

We have begun a mutational analysis of root morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. We report here the initial genetic and physiological characterisation of six mutations that affect root growth and development. Three of them (rsw1, rsw2, rsw3) cause extensive radial swelling of the root apex. These mutations are recessive at different loci and show temperature-sensitive expression, such that the roots appear wild type when grown at 18�C but express the mutant phenotype when transferred to 31�C. Following transfer to the restrictive temperature, these three mutations have different kinetic and morphological patterns of radial swelling, and grow at different rates with continued time at high temperature. We believe that these mutations represent three different loci active in the wild type in regulating the shape of the root. We have also characterised two mutations that affect only the root epidermis, causing many epidermal cells to bulge (reb1-1, reb1-2). The two mutations are recessive and are alleles. However, rebl-1 is constitutive whereas reb1-2 is temperature sensitive, only expressing at 33�C. Reb1-2 also causes a deviation from the normal straight growth of the root such that the affected roots grow with sharp bends or meanders. The final mutant reported here is a stunted plant (stp1), in which the root growth rate is approximately 25% of the wild type rate. Moreover, root growth steadily accelerates over 5 days following germination in the wild type but remains constant in stp1, which grows at a constant rate over the same interval.

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