Can prolonged exposure to information on COVID-19 affect mental health negatively?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Yiwei Liu ◽  
Yuru Yin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prolonged Exposure

scholarly journals Mental health, physical symptoms and biomarkers of stress during prolonged exposure to Antarctica's extreme environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 405-413
Author(s):  
Candice A. Alfano ◽  
Joanne L. Bower ◽  
Christopher Connaboy ◽  
Nadia H. Agha ◽  
Forrest L. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Physical Symptoms

scholarly journals The culture, mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Rohingya refugees: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Tay ◽  
A. Riley ◽  
R. Islam ◽  
C. Welton-Mitchell ◽  
B. Duchesne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Idioms Of Distress ◽  
Psychosocial Wellbeing ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

AbstractAimsDespite the magnitude and protracted nature of the Rohingya refugee situation, there is limited information on the culture, mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of this group. This paper, drawing on a report commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the literature on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Rohingya refugees, including an examination of associated cultural factors. The ultimate objective is to assist humanitarian actors and agencies in providing culturally relevant Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) for Rohingya refugees displaced to Bangladesh and other neighbouring countries.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search across multiple sources of information with reference to the contextual, social, economic, cultural, mental health and health-related factors amongst Rohingya refugees living in the Asia-Pacific and other regions. The search covered online databases of diverse disciplines (e.g. medicine, psychology, anthropology), grey literature, as well as unpublished reports from non-profit organisations and United Nations agencies published until 2018.ResultsThe legacy of prolonged exposure to conflict and persecution compounded by protracted conditions of deprivations and displacement is likely to increase the refugees' vulnerability to wide array of mental health problems including posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. High rates of sexual and gender-based violence, lack of privacy and safe spaces and limited access to integrated psychosocial and mental health support remain issues of concern within the emergency operation in Bangladesh. Another challenge is the limited understanding amongst the MHPSS personnel in Bangladesh and elsewhere of the language, culture and help-seeking behaviour of Rohingya refugees. While the Rohingya language has a considerable vocabulary for emotional and behavioural problems, there is limited correspondence between these Rohingya terms and western concepts of mental disorders. This hampers the provision of culturally sensitive and contextually relevant MHPSS services to these refugees.ConclusionsThe knowledge about the culture, context, migration history, idioms of distress, help-seeking behaviour and traditional healing methods, obtained from diverse sources can be applied in the design and delivery of culturally appropriate interventions. Attention to past exposure to traumatic events and losses need to be paired with attention for ongoing stressors and issues related to worries about the future. It is important to design MHPSS interventions in ways that mobilise the individual and collective strengths of Rohingya refugees and build on their resilience.

Mental health and prolonged exposure to unaffordable housing: a longitudinal analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-721
Author(s):  
Emma Baker ◽  
Laurence Lester ◽  
Kate Mason ◽  
Rebecca Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure

Posttraumatic Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
John C. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Role Transition ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Prolonged Exposure Therapy ◽  
Affective Attunement ◽  
Positive Results

This chapter describes the adaptations of IPT for treating PTSD, the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD, and the research supporting the use of IPT as a non-exposure treatment for this disorder. This research includes a National Institute of Mental Health randomized trial conducted by the author comparing IPT to prolonged exposure therapy and to relaxation therapy, with quite positive results for IPT. Adaptation includes the importance of affective attunement to counter traumatic numbness. There follow three detailed case examples of IPT treatment of complicated grief, role dispute, and role transition associated with PTSD during the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Temporal effects of maternal psychological distress on child mental health problems at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11: analysis from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hope ◽  
Anna Pearce ◽  
Catherine Chittleborough ◽  
Jessica Deighton ◽  
Amelia Maika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Uk Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundPsychological distress is common among women of childbearing age, and limited longitudinal research suggests prolonged exposure to maternal distress is linked to child mental health problems. Estimating effects of maternal distress over time is difficult due to potential influences of child mental health problems on maternal distress and time-varying confounding by family circumstances.MethodsWe analysed the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample with data collected throughout childhood. Adopting a marginal structural modelling framework, we investigated effects of exposure to medium/high levels of maternal psychological distress (Kessler-6 score 8+) on child mental health problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire borderline/abnormal behaviour cut-off) using maternal and child mental health data at 3, 5, 7 and 11 years, accounting for the influence of child mental health on subsequent maternal distress, and baseline and time-varying confounding.ResultsPrior and concurrent exposures to maternal distress were associated with higher levels of child mental health problems at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. For example, elevated risks of child mental health problems at 11 years were associated with exposure to maternal distress from 3 years [risk ratio (RR) 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.49)] to 11 years [RR 2.15 (95% CI 1.89–2.45)]. Prolonged exposure to maternal distress at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 resulted in an almost fivefold increased risk of child mental health problems.ConclusionsPrior, concurrent and, particularly, prolonged exposure to maternal distress raises risks for child mental health problems. Greater support for mothers experiencing distress is likely to benefit the mental health of their children.

Mechanisms of Action in Psychotherapy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila A. M. Rauch ◽  
Israel Liberzon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Previous Theory ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

Therapy at its core is based on learning, and learning at its core is biological. Experience that is not in some way encoded in the brain and/or body is lost. This chapter provides a discussion of mechanisms of therapy research in PTSD in which the goal is to understand how PTSD therapy works. First, the chapter reviews what a mechanism is and how therapeutic mechanisms are examined. It then discusses the importance of therapeutic mechanisms research within the broader realm of mental health research. It focuses on prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for PTSD as an example of application of mechanisms research methodology and begins with the presentation of a theoretical model that builds on previous theory and mechanisms research to date. While much of this model is theoretical, the goal is to show how mechanisms research may apply to clinical practice to improve precision, efficiency, and efficacy.

scholarly journals Challenges in Acculturation among International Students from Asian Collectivist Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Kyunghee Ma ◽  
Ronald Pitner ◽  
Izumi Sakamoto ◽  
Hyun Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
International Students ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Acculturation Stress ◽  
University Policy ◽  
Asian International Students ◽  
Acculturation Process ◽  
Holistic Understanding

Many international students coming to a U.S. university, especially those coming from a collectivist culture such as Asia, experience acculturation stress due to encountering different cultural norms and values. Lack of available resources may limit their coping ability, and prolonged exposure to acculturation stress may result in a decline in mental health. Asian international students may be at greater risk of developing mental health complications due to additional stressors derived from their cultures such as family recognition through success, emphasis on emotional self-control, and stigma toward mental illness. In this context, accumulated and unresolved acculturation stress may increase psychological vulnerabilities. Despite its relevance, there is no conceptual framework examining acculturation experiences of this student population. This article aims to present a conceptual framework of the acculturation process of Asian international students. Such a framework is important because it not only provides a holistic understanding of the acculturation process for Asian international students, but also provides an avenue for a comprehensive empirical inquiry. Furthermore, research-based evidence will help inform a more effective and inclusive university policy addressing the various needs of international students in order to provide intervention when necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence and social determinants of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Hang Saing ◽  
Kiesha Prem ◽  
Ponha Uk ◽  
Navy Chann ◽  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Capital City ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Psychological Distress

Abstract Background: People who use drugs are at a disproportionately higher risk of mental disorders due to prolonged exposure to psychosocial challenges. However, studies on mental health among people who use drugs in resource-constrained countries are scarce. This study sheds light on the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia.Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study in the capital city and 11 provinces in 2017. The Respondent Driven Sampling method was adapted to recruit 1677 people who used drugs for face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A total score of GHQ-12>2 indicated high psychological distress. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with psychological distress. Results: We included 1598 participants in the analyses, with a mean age of 28.6 years (SD= 7.8). Of the total, 42% had high psychological distress – 50% in women and 37% in men. The adjusted odds of having high psychological distress were significantly higher among participants who were 25-34 years old and 35 years and above, had been to a drug rehabilitation center, had been insulted by family members, and had been sexually harassed/abused by someone when they were growing up. The odds of having high psychological distress were significantly lower among participants who were male, lived in their own dwelling, reported injecting as the mode of the first drug use, and had someone taking care of them when they got sick.Conclusions: This study documents a high prevalence of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia. Intervention programs that attempt to address mental health problems among people who use drugs in resource-limited settings should be gender- and age-sensitive and target more marginalized subpopulations. Mental health services can be integrated into HIV and harm-reduction programs for people who use drugs.

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