Explaining the Gender Gap: A Cross‐National Analysis of Gender Differences in Voting

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

The gender gap in voter turnout: An artefact of men’s over-reporting in survey research?

2021 ◽  
pp. 136914812110568
Author(s):  
Daniel Stockemer ◽  
Aksel Sundstrom
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Moderate Evidence ◽  
Official Records ◽  
Cross National

Is there a gender gap in voting? Most cross-national survey research on gender inequalities in voter turnout finds that men have a higher probability to vote than women. Yet, some studies using validated turnout data shed some doubt on this finding. We revisit the question of a gender gap in voting using official records. In more detail, we compare the gender gap in turnout between survey data and official electoral figures across 73 elections. Our results highlight that in surveys, men still report higher turnout in most countries. However, official electoral figures reveal contrasting trends: across countries, women are, on average, more likely to vote. We also test two explanations for this difference in turnout between official figures and surveys: (1) men over-report voting more than women and (2) the survey samples of men and women are different. We find some, albeit very moderate, evidence for the first explanation. We find some, albeit very moderate, evidence for the first explanation and no support for the second explanation. All in all, our research nevertheless suggests that scholars should be careful in using surveys to detect gender differences in voting.

Gender Differences at Work: International Variations in Occupational Segregation

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jarman ◽  
Robert M. Blackburn ◽  
Bradley Brooks ◽  
Esther Dermott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
National Studies ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

Despite the prominence of discussions of gender segregation in explanations of labour market inequalities, there have been relatively few cross-national studies due to a lack of suitably detailed data. A recent ILO initiative obtained suitable data for cross-national analysis of 38 countries, with a much greater number of occupational categories than has usually been available. This paper reports findings from the analysis of these data. The problems and potential of using such data are discussed and a standardisation is introduced to control for the effects of the number of occupations in the segregation measure. There are important differences in the level of segregation in different countries. The highly segregated countries are to be found in Western Europe, and in particular Scandinavia. Several Arab countries also have high levels of segregation. An argument is made suggesting that the context and meaning of segregation patterns may be quite different from what might be inferred from single country studies.

Gender Equality and Female Offending: Evidence From International Data Sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2098652
Author(s):  
Doris C. Chu ◽  
Bill Hebenton ◽  
Albert Toh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
International Data ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Female Offending ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Offending Patterns ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Global Gender Gap Index

This paper examines the nature of female offending patterns in relationship to societal gender equality using cross-national analysis of 27 European countries for the year 2006. Importantly, our analysis uses a conceptually innovative indicator (the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index) to determine relative levels of gender equality. Results show that countries with a narrower gender gap in the Global Gender Gap indexes of political empowerment were likely to have a higher female prosecution rate, and that political empowerment was also significantly associated with female conviction rates as well as rates of property offending. The pattern of results generally supports the liberation thesis. Finally, limitations and suggestions for future study are addressed.

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