Abstract
Background: Cross-national studies are an emerging research area in public health. Specifically, cross-national health comparisons are important for understanding the factors driving the success or failure of public health policies. Findings from cross-national studies can be used to improve the current health policies and practices in each country. Therefore, this study systematically analyzes studies that compared health status (physical health and cognition) using national panel data for three Northeast Asian countries—China, Japan, and South Korea. Methods: Google Scholar and PubMed were used for the literature search. The search strategy targeted papers published between 2005 and 2020, yielding a total of 205 studies, of which eight were selected for the review. Results: Two studies conducted cognitive comparisons, five undertook physical health comparisons, and one article demonstrated cross-national comparisons using national panel surveys. The cognitive comparison items were verbal memory, orientation, visuoconstruction, numeracy and numeric ability, and executive functioning. Health comparisons were conducted by measuring the proportion of the population with chronic conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, arthritis, and having difficulty in activities of daily living. None of the eight studies utilized a common measure for cognitive and physical health status across the three countries. Conclusion: While survey items measured cognitive function and general physical health status in each country, there was no common measure for undertaking cognitive and physical health status comparisons across the three countries. A valid cross-national outcome measure is needed to accurately compare the population-level health status across the three countries.