Some Comments on the Assessment of the Potential Role of Transit from China through the Baltic States

At present, with the opportunities of the previous model of world economic development exhausted, only countries building alternative models of global cooperation will have good economic prospects. In this conditions the new role of Russia, China is traced. This article examines the experience and prospects of cooperation between Beijing and the Baltic countries, including within the framework of the well-known project “One Belt — One Way”.

Assessment of Oil Rent of the Russian Federation

The article presents the position of the author, relating to such an important economic concept as oil rent. The oil rent of the country, estimated in the world economic space, is determined and considered. A mathematical model is presented that allows calculating such rent using available statistical information. The method of obtaining initial data is described and the results of specific applied calculations are given. The interpretation of oil rents as super-profits of oil companies, established in economic science, affects, according to the author, only a part of the economic benefits that the country receives by developing its oil fields. If we consider such deposits as a natural gift, then it is possible, according to the author, to estimate the full size of this gift only as a result of comparing the real situation with the virtual one, in which there are no such deposits or they are, but are not exploited. The result of such a comparison is considered in the article as the oil rent of the country, estimated in the world economic space. As an illustration, the results of calculations of the oil rent of the Russian Federation for 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 are given. А brief analysis of the results obtained and their dependence on external economic circumstances is given. For the purpose of comparison, the calculation of the oil rent of Saudi Arabia for 2018 is given.

Why Are Finland Women Scholars Not Finnish-ing the Race Towards Science, Engineering, and Technology

This chapter explores Finland's history, highlighting the country before and after the declaration of independence. It evaluates patterns and trends in social and cultural norms, education, employment, science, technology, and engineering to find evidence of gender inequality, marginalization, and oppression towards Finnish women scholars. Data is collected, analyzed, and reported from a diverse group of peer-reviewed and economic published perspectives, including the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Organization for Economic-Cooperation and Development (OECD), International Labor Organization (ILOSTAT), Panorama Education, World Economic Forum, Global Wage Report, University of British Columbia, National Science Foundation, World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO), National Centre for Education, European Commission, and Statista Finland databases.

Digitalization in Software Engineering and IT Business

Competition in industry of software production as well as in IT sector has special features. Understanding current trends and complex connections between software industry and world economic development gives new ideas about competition in the IT domain. One of the key trends is digital transformation. It is supported by software, but it also has a strong impact on the software development industry and provides the new opportunities in software production and IT business change management. The main idea of the paper is total automation and a focus on measurable processes that give a continual flow of digital data that should be used on different levels of a company's management, business development, production processes, and even client's perception of the software product. Management of those core activities, based on such digital data flows, is becoming sophisticated and more flexible, based on relevant and estimated indicators. In this article, there is a multifactor analysis of digitalization in software engineering and IT business management with a focus on change management. The main results of research are demonstrating how the influence of digitalization could be used in competition.

The New Concept of Disruptive Logistics

In an increasingly disruptive global environment, marked by the potential development of the Post-New World Economic Order, more innovative, effective, and efficient logistics solutions are demanded. It is necessary to offer radical improvements in logistics services through new models. It is considered necessary to define the new concept of disruptive logistics based on three fundamental pillars: globalization, digitization, and sustainability. This chapter aims to address the new concept, more effective and efficient, in a highly turbulent environment that has become disruptive, with unpredictable, substantial, and impactful changes. The most significant geoeconomics aspects that would condition a hypothetical Post-New World Economic Order are analyzed, the main factors of the global sustainable logistics are studied, and the development of the concepts of Logistics 4.0 and Supply Chain Management 4.0 is reviewed. Finally, as a result, the main aspects of the proposed new concept are analyzed.

The Long-Predicted Failure of the Post-Bretton Woods “Non-System”

The monetary system implemented at Bretton Woods in 1944 made the US dollar the centre of the world economic system, with 43 other countries' currencies linked to it via fixed exchange rates. However, once the US government broke its promise to redeem dollars in gold at $35 per ounce on August 15, 1971, expansion of the supply of dollars was no longer constrained, and like many currencies before it, the lack of monetary discipline led to inflation through which the value of the dollar has fallen by about 98%. The “oil shock” of the 1970s led to the introduction of the “petro-dollar” system whereby Saudi Arabia, then the largest oil producer, agreed to accept only US dollars in payment for its oil in exchange for the US government's pledge to defend it. This shored up demand for the fiat US dollar, enabling it to survive until its now approaching endgame.