Training load and schedule are important determinants of sleep behaviours in youth-soccer players

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Whitworth-Turner ◽  
Rocco Di Michele ◽  
Ian Muir ◽  
Warren Gregson ◽  
Barry Drust
Keyword(s):  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer

scholarly journals Influence of 2D:4D ratio on fitness parameters and accumulated training load in elite youth soccer players

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Ana Ruivo Alves ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Background Digit ratio (2D:4D) characterized by the length of the second digit (2D) divided by the length of the fourth digit (4D), is a powerful marker of athletic performance. Some studies showed a negative correlation between 2D:4D ratio and sports performances. Objectives The purpose of the present study was three-fold: (1) to analyze the influence of anthropometric and 2D:4D ratio on variations of accumulated training load (ATL) and fitness parameters: maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric muscular strength of the knee extensor for hamstring (ISH) and flexor for quadriceps (ISQ) muscles; along three stages of evaluation of soccer players based on playing positions; (2) to analyze the correlations between 2D:4D ratio and aforementioned parameters; and (3) to investigate if variance in fitness levels and ATL can explain the 2D:4D ratio. Methods Twenty-four elite players under 17 years were daily monitored for their rating perceived exertion and ATL across 24 weeks over the season. Soccer players have also measured in three stages for anthropometric traits and fitness parameters. Results Significant differences were observed between playing positions for body mass, goalkeepers had higher body mass compared to centre-midfielder and winger players. Moreover, there were significant differences in ATL between early-season to mid-season in goalkeepers (P = 0.032). The 2D:4D ratio (left and right) shown largely and negatively association with muscular strength (ISQ: r =  − 0.80; r =  − 0.78, P ≤ 0.001, ISH: r =  − 0.63; r =  − 0.62, P = 0.001, respectively) and VO2max changes (r =  − 0.55, P = 0.005; r =  − 0.50, P = 0.013, respectively); lastly, both 2D:4D ratio significantly predicted changes in muscular strength and VO2max in young soccer players. Conclusions Goalkeepers tended to have higher body mass compared to centre-midfielder and winger players; and 2D:4D ratio revealed a mighty predictor of physical fitness changes in soccer players. Evidence should be helpful to professionals to highlight the usefulness of the 2D:4D into the identification of talent, but also to optimize young players' performance.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Subjective and External Training Load Variables in Youth Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Maughan ◽  
Niall G. MacFarlane ◽  
Paul A. Swinton
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
External Training

Purpose: To quantify and describe relationships between subjective and external measures of training load in professional youth soccer players. Methods: Data from differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE) and 7 measures of external training load were collected from 20 professional youth soccer players over a 46-week season. Relationships were described by repeated-measures correlation, principal component analysis, and factor analysis with oblimin rotation. Results: Significant positive (.44 ≤ r ≤ .99; P < .001) within-individual correlations were obtained across dRPE and all external training load measures. Correlation magnitudes were found to decrease when training load variables were expressed per minute. Principal component analysis provided 2 components, which described 83.3% of variance. The first component, which described 72.9% of variance, was heavily loaded by all measures of training load, while the second component, which described 10.4% of the variance, appeared to have a split between objective and subjective measures of volume and intensity. Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 theoretical factors, with correlations between factors ranging from .5 to .8. These factors could be theoretically described as objective volume, subjective volume, objective running, and objective high-intensity measures. Removing dRPE measures from the analysis altered the structure of the model, providing a 3-factor solution. Conclusions: The dRPE measures are significantly correlated with a range of external training load measures and with each other. More in-depth analysis showed that dRPE measures were highly related to each other, suggesting that, in this population, they would provide practitioners with similar information. Further analysis provided characteristic groupings of variables.

Dose-Response Relationship Between Internal Training Load and Changes in Performance During the Preseason in Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo H. Figueiredo ◽  
Diego H. Figueiredo ◽  
Alexandre Moreira ◽  
Helcio R. Gonçalves ◽  
Antonio C. Dourado
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Youth Soccer

scholarly journals Variation in the Correlation Between Heart Rate and Session Rating of Perceived Exertion-Based Estimations of Internal Training Load in Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durva Vahia ◽  
Adam Kelly ◽  
Harry Knapman ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
External Load ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Validity Analysis ◽  
Consistent Method

Purpose: When exposed to the same external load, players receive different internal loads, resulting in varied adaptations in fitness. In adult soccer, internal training load is measured using heart rate (HR) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) scales, but these have been underutilized in youth soccer. This study investigated the in-season variation in correlation between HR and sRPE estimations of training load for adolescent soccer players. Method: Fifteen male professional adolescent players were monitored for 7 months. Within-participant correlations and Bland–Altman agreement plots for HR and sRPE were calculated for each month to analyze variation over the season and for individual players to analyze the validity of the scale. Results: The monthly correlations ranged from r = .60 to r = .73 (P < .05) and the overall correlation was r = .64 (95% confidence interval, .60–.68; P < .001). Bland–Altman plots showed an agreement of methods. Conclusion: Results showed consistently large correlations for all months. sRPE is a consistent method of measure of internal training load for the entire season for youth soccer players. Validity analysis found no bias in sRPE measurements when compared with HR for all players in the study.

scholarly journals Dose–Response Relationship Between Training Load and Changes in Aerobic Fitness in Professional Youth Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Kirsty M. Hicks ◽  
Philip R. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Very High

Purpose: To compare the dose–response relationship between traditional arbitrary speed thresholds versus an individualized approach, with changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Methods: A total of 14 youth soccer players completed a 1500-m time trial to estimate maximal aerobic speed (MAS, km·h−1) at the start and at the end of a 6-week period. Training load was monitored on a daily basis during this study. External load measures were total distance covered and total acceleration and deceleration distance >2 m·s−2. Arbitrary high-speed running measures were meters covered and time spent at >17 km·h−1 (m > high-speed distance, t > high-speed distance) and 21 km·h−1 (m > very-high-speed distance, t > very-high-speed distance). Individualized high-speed running measures were meters covered and time spent at >MAS km·h−1 (m > MAS, t > MAS) and 30% anaerobic speed reserve (m > 30ASR, t > 30ASR). In addition, internal load measures were also collected: heart rate exertion and rating of perceived exertion. Linear regression analysis was used to establish the dose–response relationship between mean weekly training load and changes in aerobic fitness. Results: Very large associations were found between t > MAS and changes in aerobic fitness (R2 = .59). Large associations were found for t > 30ASR (R2 = .38) and m > MAS (R2 = .25). Unclear associations were found for all other variables. Conclusion: An individualized approach to monitoring training load, in particular t > MAS, may be a more appropriate method than using traditional arbitrary speed thresholds when monitoring the dose–response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness.

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