The joint influence of collaboration and part-set cueing

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1977-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Kelley ◽  
Carliann Pentz ◽  
Matthew B. Reysen
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Collaborative Inhibition ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Joint Influence

The present study was designed to examine the effects of retrieval cues on memory performance for both individuals and collaborating pairs. Participants worked either alone or together in the presence or absence of part-set cues to recall list items in Experiments 1 and 2 and to reconstruct the order of a list items in Experiment 3. The detrimental effects of collaborative inhibition were observed across all three experiments. In contrast, part-set cueing inhibition was found following free recall, whereas part-set cueing facilitation was observed on reconstruction tasks. Taken together, the results of the present experiments suggest that the effects of collaborative inhibition and part-set cueing may operate independently of one another.

Précis of Elements of episodic memory

1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endel Tulving
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Recollective Experience ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
General Abstract

AbstractElements of episodic memory (Tulving 1983b) consists of three parts. Part I argues for the distinction between episodic and semantic memory as functionally separate albeit closely interacting systems. It begins with a review of the 1972 essay on the topic (Tulving 1972) and its shortcomings, presents a somewhat more complete characterization of the two forms of memory than the one that was possible in 1972, and proceeds to discuss empirical and theoretical reasons for a tentative acceptance of the functional distinction between the two systems and its possible extensions. Part II describes a framework for the study of episodic memory, dubbed General Abstract Processing System (GAPS). The basic unit in such study is an act of remembering. It begins with the witnessing of an event and ends with recollective experience of the event, with related memory performance, or both. The framework specifies a number of components (elements) of the act of remembering and their interrelations, classified under two broad categories of encoding and retrieval. Part III discusses experimental research under the label of “synergistic ecphory.” Ecphory is one of the central elements of retrieval; “synergistic” refers to the joint influence that the stored episodic information and the cognitively present retrieval information exert on the construction of the product of ecphory, the so-called ecphoric information. The concept of encoding specificity and the phenomenon of recognition failure of recallable words figure prominently in Part III. The final chapter of the book describes a model, named the synergistic ecphory model of retrieval, that relates qualitative characteristics of recollective experience and quantitative measures of memory performance in recall and recognition to the conjunction of episodic-memory traces and semantic-memory retrieval cues.

Quite ordinary retrieval cues may determine free recall of actions

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Karl Friedrich Wender
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Retrieval Cues

scholarly journals Effects of valent image-based secondary tasks on verbal working memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L Morgan ◽  
Craig Williams ◽  
Fay M Ings ◽  
Nia C Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Task Interruption ◽  
Lower Valence

Two experiments examined if exposure to emotionally valent image-based secondary tasks introduced at different points of a free recall working memory (WM) task impair memory performance. Images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) varied in the degree of negative or positive valance (mild, moderate, strong) and were positioned at low, moderate and high WM load points with participants rating them based upon perceived valence. As predicted, and based on previous research and theory, the higher the degree of negative (Experiment 1) and positive (Experiment 2) valence and the higher the WM load when a secondary task was introduced, the greater the impairment to recall. Secondary task images with strong negative valance were more disruptive than negative images with lower valence at moderate and high WM load task points involving encoding and/or rehearsal of primary task words (Experiment 1). This was not the case for secondary tasks involving positive images (Experiment 2), although participant valence ratings for positive IAPS images classified as moderate and strong were in fact very similar. Implications are discussed in relation to research and theory on task interruption and attentional narrowing and literature concerning the effects of emotive stimuli on cognition.

EXPRESS: On the Pervasive Effect of Word Frequency in Metamemory

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110533
Author(s):  
Pedro Simão Mendes ◽  
Monika Undorf
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Free Recall Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Performance Judgments

Predictions of one’s future memory performance – judgments of learning (JOLs) – are based on the cues that learners regard as diagnostic of memory performance. One of these cues is word frequency or how often words are experienced in the language. It is not clear, however, whether word frequency would affect JOLs when other cues are also available. The current study aims to close this gap by testing whether objective and subjective word frequency affect JOLs in the presence of font size as an additional cue. Across three experiments, participants studied words that varied in word frequency (Experiment 1: high and low objective frequency; Experiment 2: a whole continuum from high to low objective frequency; Experiment 3: high and low subjective and objective frequency) and were presented in a large (48pt) or a small (18pt) font size, made JOLs, and completed a free recall test. Results showed that people based their JOLs on both word frequency and font size. We conclude that word frequency is an important cue that affects metamemory even in multiple-cue situations.

Marijuana and memory impairment: the effect of retrieval cues on free recall

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Miller ◽  
Terry Cornett ◽  
Dennis Brightwell ◽  
Dennis McFarland ◽  
William G. Drew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Retrieval Cues

Positive affect and its relationship to free recall memory performance in a sample of older Dutch adults from the Maastricht Aging Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hill ◽  
M. P. J. van Boxtel ◽  
R. Ponds ◽  
P. J. Houx ◽  
J. Jolles
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recall Memory ◽  
Aging Study

The Manipulation and Measurement of Task-specific Memory Self-Efficacy in Younger and Older Adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gardiner ◽  
Mary A. Luszcz ◽  
Janet Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recall Trial ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Before And After

Task-specific memory self-efficacy (TSMSE) was experimentally manipulated through provision of information about task difficulty, to determine its effect on free recall for 56 older (age 63-86) and 56 younger (age 16-25) adults. The implications of using prediction-based measures of TSMSE were addressed. After completing one recall trial of a list of 20 words, half the participants were told a second list comprised more difficult words; the others were told the second list would be similar to the first they had received. Free recall and TSMSE were measured before and after this manipulation. The manipulation reduced TSMSE for participants expecting a harder list of words, but not differently for younger compared with older adults. Younger and older adults’ recall declined at the second recall trial, but there was no difference between those expecting a harder list and those expecting a similar list. Recall was predicted by domain-specific memory self-efficacy as well as a traditional measure of TSMSE. The study demonstrated the malleability of memory self-efficacy, but called into question assertions about its salience as a mediator of older adults’ poorer memory performance.

The Effects of Amount of Processing on Recall and Recognition

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richard Hanley ◽  
Peter Morris
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Incidental Memory ◽  
Context Cues

Johnson-Laird, Gibbs and de Mowbray (1978) and Ross (1981) have argued that amount of processing, as indexed by the overall number of decisions a subject makes, provides a good predictor of incidental memory performance. Conversely, McClelland, Rawles and Sinclair (1981) have provided evidence that it is normally the number of positive decisions rather than the overall number of decisions per se that determines level of recall. The present study replicated and extended the findings of McClelland and his colleagues. In free recall (Experiment 1 and 3), cued recall (Experiment 3) and recognition in the presence or absence of context cues (Experiments 2 and 3), an account based on number of positive decisions provided by far the better explanation. Experiment 3 also revealed that the experimental manipulations had a somewhat greater effect on recall than recognition. This is explained in terms of Tulving and Pearlstone's (1966) distinction between availability and accessibility. It is suggested that words associated with negative decisions are not only less accessible in memory, there are also fewer of them available for recall and recognition.

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