The Manipulation and Measurement of Task-specific Memory Self-Efficacy in Younger and Older Adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gardiner ◽  
Mary A. Luszcz ◽  
Janet Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recall Trial ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Before And After

Task-specific memory self-efficacy (TSMSE) was experimentally manipulated through provision of information about task difficulty, to determine its effect on free recall for 56 older (age 63-86) and 56 younger (age 16-25) adults. The implications of using prediction-based measures of TSMSE were addressed. After completing one recall trial of a list of 20 words, half the participants were told a second list comprised more difficult words; the others were told the second list would be similar to the first they had received. Free recall and TSMSE were measured before and after this manipulation. The manipulation reduced TSMSE for participants expecting a harder list of words, but not differently for younger compared with older adults. Younger and older adults’ recall declined at the second recall trial, but there was no difference between those expecting a harder list and those expecting a similar list. Recall was predicted by domain-specific memory self-efficacy as well as a traditional measure of TSMSE. The study demonstrated the malleability of memory self-efficacy, but called into question assertions about its salience as a mediator of older adults’ poorer memory performance.

scholarly journals Brain Training and Sulforaphane Intake Interventions Separately Improve Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Adults, Whereas a Combination of These Interventions Does Not Have More Beneficial Effects: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Rui Nouchi ◽  
Qingqiang Hu ◽  
Toshiki Saito ◽  
Natasha Yuriko dos Santos Kawata ◽  
Haruka Nouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Training ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Blinded

Background: Earlier studies have demonstrated that a single-domain intervention, such as a brain-training (BT) game alone and a sulforaphane (SFN) intake, positively affects cognition. This study examined whether a combined BT and SFN intake intervention has beneficial effects on cognitive function in older adults. Methods: In a 12-week double-blinded randomized control trial, 144 older adults were randomly assigned to one of four groups: BT with SFN (BT-S), BT with placebo (BT-P), active control game (AT) with SFN (AT-S), and active control game with placebo (AT-P). We used Brain Age in BT and Tetris in AT. Participants were asked to play BT or AT for 15 min a day for 12 weeks while taking a supplement (SFN or placebo). We measured several cognitive functions before and after the intervention period. Results: The BT (BT-S and BT-P) groups showed more improvement in processing speed than the active control groups (AT-S and AT-P). The SFN intake (BT-S and AT-S) groups recorded significant improvements in processing speed and working memory performance unlike the placebo intake groups (BT-P and AT-P). However, we did not find any evidence of the combined intervention’s beneficial effects on cognition. Discussion: We discussed a mechanism to improve cognitive functions in the BT and SFN alone interventions.

scholarly journals Older adults with poor self-rated memory have less depressive symptoms and better memory performance when perceived self-efficacy is high

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre M. O'Shea ◽  
Vonetta M. Dotson ◽  
Robert A. Fieo ◽  
Angeliki Tsapanou ◽  
Laura Zahodne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Memory Performance

scholarly journals Prevalence and Cognitive Bases of Subjective Memory Complaints in Older Adults: Evidence from a Community Sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fritsch ◽  
McKee J. McClendon ◽  
Maggie S. Wallendal ◽  
Trevor F. Hyde ◽  
Janet D. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Younger Age

Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of subjective memory complaints (SMCs) in a sample of community-dwelling, older adults and to examine cognitive bases of these complaints. Participants. 499 community-dwelling adults, 65 and older. Measurements. A telephone survey consisting of cognitive tests and clinical and sociodemographic variables. SMCs were based on subjects' evaluations and subjects' perceptions of others' evaluations. Analysis. Logistic regression was used to model the risk for SMCs as a function of the cognitive, clinical, and sociodemographic variables. We tested for interactions of the cognitive variables with age, education, and gender. Results. 27.1% reported memory complaints. Among the younger age, better objective memory performance predicted lower risk for SMCs, while among the older age, better memory had no effect on risk. Among the better-educated people, better global cognitive functioning predicted lower risk for SMCs, while among the less-educated people, better global cognitive functioning had no effect on SMC risk. When predicting others' perceptions, better objective memory was associated with lower risk for SMCs. Conclusion. Objective memory performance and global cognitive functioning are associated with lower risk for SMCs, but these relationships are the strongest for the younger age and those with more education, respectively. Age and education may affect the ability to accurately appraise cognitive functioning.

Memory Performance in Older Adults Before and After Temporal Lobectomy for Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1316-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Chapin ◽  
Robyn M. Busch ◽  
Diosely C. Silveira ◽  
Tim Wehner ◽  
Richard I. Naugle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Before And After

Pre-Test Experience and Memory Performance in Older Adults: The Impact of Test Anxiety and Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina G Cavuoto ◽  
Stella Franzese ◽  
Glynda J Kinsella
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Failure

Abstract Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of test anxiety and memory self-efficacy on memory performances in older adults. Method One hundred cognitively normal, community-dwelling older adults aged 65+ participated used in this experimental study. Participants completed baseline evaluations (including pre-test anxiety) prior to being assigned to one of two experimental conditions in which they experienced either success or failure on a verbal test. They subsequently completed post-test anxiety ratings, a measure of memory self-efficacy (Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire), and standardized tasks of working memory and verbal episodic memory. Results Following experimental manipulation, participants in the pre-test failure condition demonstrated higher anxiety and lower memory performances. Hierarchical regression revealed that change in anxiety from pre-test to post-test predicted memory performances and mediation analyses demonstrated that these effects were explained by lower memory self-efficacy. Conclusions For older adults, experiencing test failure prior to memory testing may result in increased test anxiety and lower memory self-efficacy leading to poorer memory performance. This has implications for diagnostic cognitive assessment for older people.

scholarly journals 0850 GENERAL AND DOMAIN-SPECIFIC SELF-EFFICACY AND SLEEP IN OLDER ADULTS

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A315-A315
Author(s):  
SC Grah ◽  
JM Dzierzewski ◽  
SG Ravyts ◽  
MP Buman ◽  
AT Aiken-Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Domain Specific

Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Types of Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mencl ◽  
Louis Tay ◽  
Catherine E. Schwoerer ◽  
Fritz Drasgow
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Sales Training ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Self Efficacy

In this research, the authors present theoretical explanations for quantitative and qualitative types of changes to evaluate the malleability of general self-efficacy (GSE) and specific self-efficacy (SSE) measures due to domain-specific training. First, the authors hypothesize that the change in the GSE measure due to sales training is a quantitative mean-difference (alpha) change. Second, they hypothesize that the change in SSE due to sales training is a qualitative (beta or gamma) change. Results of latent variable cross-lagged analysis on sales trainee data ( N = 417) support the authors’ hypothesis that the difference in GSE was quantitative. Findings also provide partial support of the second hypothesis that a change in a SSE measure was qualitative. The qualitative change is attributed to the novelty and complexity of the particular SSE tasks (i.e., direct selling). Additional analysis of rank-order consistency further validates the measures and demonstrates the GSE measure was consistent before and after training whereas the SSE scales were not as consistent. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Memory Self-Efficacy and Memory Performance in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Beaudoin ◽  
Olivier Desrichard
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Medium Size

Abstract. The present research examined the role persistence plays in mediating the positive impact of memory self-efficacy (MSE, i.e., one’s confidence in one’s own memory abilities) on older adults’ memory performance. In three studies, 81 to 264 older adults completed an MSE scale and carried out an explicit episodic memory task, during which we recorded their study time as an indicator of task persistence. We found that higher MSE was indirectly related to better memory performance through greater persistence during encoding, as measured by longer study time. Indirect effects were of medium size, with point estimates ranging from 0.64 to 0.85. This mediation effect was independent of factors that could be confounded with study time: chronological age, memory span, prior level of memory performance, episodic memory ability, and use of learning strategies (encoding strategies and self-testing). When confronted with difficult memory tasks, older adults who lack confidence in their memory abilities cease their efforts prematurely, which contributes to a decrease in their performance. Encouraging older adults to persist in the face of difficulties during encoding and retrieval may help alleviate the negative impact of low MSE on memory performance and allow researchers and clinicians to more accurately estimate older adults’ true memory abilities.

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