scholarly journals Impact of a brief auditory attention training on a modified colour-word Stroop task in a high anxiety and worry sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Fernie ◽  
Marcantonio M. Spada ◽  
Richard G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Attention Training ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Colour Word

Attention Training in the Reduction and Reappraisal of Intrusive Thoughts

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Watson ◽  
Christine Purdon
Keyword(s):  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Attention Training ◽  
Intrusive Thought ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Processing Characteristic ◽  
Perceived Success ◽  
To Receive

AbstractAttention Training (ATT) is an auditory attention-focusing technique that attempts to reduce the perseverative self-focused processing characteristic of anxiety and mood disorders. The present study investigated the effects of one session of ATT in the reduction and reappraisal of intrusive thoughts in a university sample reporting high levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. One-hundred and eight participants identified their most distressing intrusive thought and spent 7 minutes monitoring their stream of consciousness while recording occurrences of the identified thought. They then rated the unpleasantness of the intrusive thought, their attempts to dismiss the thought from consciousness, and their perceived success in reducing the frequency of the thought. Participants were then randomly assigned to receive one session of ATT, thought replacement instructions (TR), distraction instructions (DI), or no intervention (CONT). Participants then repeated the thought monitoring interval and ratings. ATT was expected to be the most effective in decreasing the frequency and unpleasantness of intrusive thoughts. However, contrary to hypotheses, all groups reported similar decreases across intervals. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Language and Orthography as Irrelevant Features in Colour-Word and Picture-Word Stroop Interference

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Chapnik Smith ◽  
Kim Kirsner
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Colour Word ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Reading Chinese ◽  
Empirical Foundation

Based on evidence that Chinese yields more interference than English, Biederman and Tsao (1979) have suggested that the processes involved in reading Chinese are more similar to those involved in colour naming than are the processes involved in reading English. In three experiments conducted to evaluate the empirical foundation for this hypothesis it was found that: (1) Chinese yielded less interference than English (and French) in between-subjects comparisons involving Chinese-English bilinguals and English monolinguals or English-French bilinguals; (2) Chinese print did not yield more interference than English print in within-subjects comparisons involving the orthogonal combination of print language (Chinese or English) and naming language (Chinese or English) among Chinese–English bilinguals; and (3) compared with syntactic category, both language and orthography were relatively impotent variables in the object naming version of the Stroop task.

scholarly journals Effects of Auditory Attention Training with the Dichotic Listening Task: Behavioural and Neurophysiological Evidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0139318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Tallus ◽  
Anna Soveri ◽  
Heikki Hämäläinen ◽  
Jyrki Tuomainen ◽  
Matti Laine
Keyword(s):  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Attention Training ◽  
Dichotic Listening Task ◽  
Listening Task

Trading Accuracy for Speed: Gender Differences on a Stroop Task under Mild Performance Anxiety

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia von Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Anxiety Condition

A standard Stroop task was used to examine the effect of performance anxiety on 58 male and 69 female undergraduates. Subjects were approached either by two casually dressed experimenters who did not stress speed or accuracy or by 4 or 5 formally dressed experimenters who stressed quick and accurate performance. Subjects were told the test would assess their “mental acuity”; their responses were visibly tape-recorded. Reaction times did not show differential response by anxiety condition; men and women showed different RTs only in the low-anxiety condition, with women performing significantly more slowly. There were no significant differences for the high-anxiety condition. Analysis of errors showed women were more accurate than men. Men traded accuracy for speed and may have been under equal performance stress in both situations. When performance was not stressed, women were slower and more accurate than men. When performance was stressed, women increased their speed to match that of men while maintaining their greater accuracy.

The Emotional Stroop task: A comparison between schizophrenic subjects and controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Demily ◽  
N. Attala ◽  
G. Fouldrin ◽  
V. Czernecki ◽  
J.-F. Ménard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Colour Word ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

AbstractThe colour-word Emotional Stroop task (ES task) has been proposed to assess the interferences between emotion and attention. Using this task, first, we examined how attention (using reaction times) can be modified by emotionally relevant words in schizophrenics as compared with controls as a function of the emotional significance of the word; second, we tested the assumption that schizophrenics with the most negative symptoms will show higher impairment in relationship to negative emotional words. In general, schizophrenics were slower to react. In both groups, mean reaction times were slower for emotional as compared with neutral words. No significant differences were observed between negative and positive words either in schizophrenics (n = 21) or in controls (n = 20). Even in the most negative schizophrenic patients, there were no differences between negative and positive words. There were no significant interactions between type of stimulus and any clinical variables (PANSS negative or non negative categorization, etc.). Also, there were no statistically significant correlations between reaction times and neuroleptic dosage or anhedonia scores. In conclusion, schizophrenia patients showed the same degree of interference from emotional words as compared with controls. Moreover, patients with a higher level of negative symptoms did not differently experience positive and negative words.

Intact neurovascular coupling during executive function in migraine without aura: Interictal near-infrared spectroscopy study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Schytz ◽  
K Ciftçi ◽  
A Akin ◽  
M Ashina ◽  
H Bolay
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neurovascular Coupling ◽  
Mental Task ◽  
Colour Word

An altered neurovascular coupling has been proposed in migraine. We aimed to investigate neurovascular coupling during a mental task interictally in patients with migraine without aura (MO) by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Twelve migraineurs and 12 healthy controls were included. Using NIRS, we recorded the magnitude and latency of cortical changes in oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhaemoglobin (Hb) during the colour-word matching Stroop test via 16 channels covering the forehead. We found no differences in the magnitude of responses between migraineurs and healthy subjects in the incongruent Stroop task subtracted by the neutral Stroop task on either side of the frontal cortex for HbO2 (left, P = 0.984; right, P = 0.406) or Hb (left, P = 0.689; right, P = 0.406) values. No differences in error rate ( P = 0.611) or reaction time ( P = 0.936) were found between healthy subjects and MO patients for incongruent tasks. The present study suggests that vascular reactivity and oxygen supply during a mental task in patients with MO are intact interictally.

scholarly journals Cognitive control among immersed bilinguals: Considering differences in linguistic and non-linguistic processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA SABOURIN ◽  
SANTA VĪNERTE
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Language Immersion ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Colour Word ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
And Task

While several studies have shown a bilingual advantage in cognitive control, others have refuted such findings, leading to debates regarding the existence of bilingual benefits. The current study conducts two experiments to investigate this issue, focusing on the effect of the age of second language immersion in young adult non-immigrant bilinguals. We use a colour-word Stroop task to assess linguistic cognitive control, and an Attention Network Test to examine non-linguistic cognitive control. Results show significant differences between Simultaneous and Early Sequential bilinguals (typically grouped together as ‘early’) in the Stroop task, but these only become apparent when both languages are mixed. Simultaneous bilinguals also show improved Executive Control efficiency, particularly in the presence of alerting and orienting cues, suggesting enhanced attentional skills for this group. We discuss these findings with respect to participant grouping and task effects, noting the importance of the language environment.

Implicit stereotyping and prejudice and the primed Stroop task

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Kawakami ◽  
Kenneth L. Dion ◽  
John F. Dovidio
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Stereotype Activation ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Automatic Activation ◽  
Black Stereotypes ◽  
Implicit Prejudice ◽  
Implicit Stereotyping ◽  
Naming Latencies

In the present study, automatic stereotype activation related to racial categories was examined utilizing a primed Stroop task. The speed of participants' ink-color naming of stereotypic and nonstereotypic target words following Black and White category primes were compared: slower naming times are presumed to reflect interference from automatic activation. The results provide support for automatic activation of implicit prejudice and stereotypes. With respect to prejudice, naming latencies tended to be slower for positive words following White than Black primes and slower for negative words following Black than White primes. With regard to stereotypes, participants demonstrated slower naming latencies for Black stereotypes, primarily those that were negatively valenced, following Black than White category primes. These findings provide further evidence of the automatic activation of stereotypes and prejudice that occurs without intention.

Semantic Conflict Processing in the Color-Word Stroop and the Emotional Stroop

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Zurrón ◽  
Marta Ramos-Goicoa ◽  
Fernando Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Incongruent Color ◽  
Semantic Conflict ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Temporal Locus

With the aim of establishing the temporal locus of the semantic conflict in color-word Stroop and emotional Stroop phenomena, we analyzed the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited by nonwords, incongruent and congruent color words, colored words with positive and negative emotional valence, and colored words with neutral valence. The incongruent, positive, negative, and neutral stimuli produced interference in the behavioral response to the color of the stimuli. The P150/N170 amplitude was sensitive to the semantic equivalence of both dimensions of the congruent color words. The P3b amplitude was smaller in response to incongruent color words and to positive, negative, and neutral colored words than in response to the congruent color words and colored nonwords. There were no differences in the ERPs induced in response to colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence. Therefore, the P3b amplitude was sensitive to interference from the semantic content of the incongruent, positive, negative, and neutral words in the color-response task, independently of the emotional content of the colored words. In addition, the P3b amplitude was smaller in response to colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence than in response to the incongruent color words. Overall, these data indicate that the temporal locus of the semantic conflict generated by the incongruent color words (in the color-word Stroop task) and by colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence (in the emotional Stroop task) appears to occur in the range 300–450 ms post-stimulus.

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