BACKGROUND
Digital technologies (DT) for older adults focus mainly on healthcare, and are considered to have the potential to improve the wellbeing of older adults. However, adoption rates of such DT is considered low. While previous research has investigated possible reasons for adoption and acceptance of DT, age-based stereotypes (of e.g. healthcare professionals) towards the abilities of older adults to use DT have yet to be considered as possible barriers to adoption of DT.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ageism and negative attitudes related to DT, as a specific domain of ageism that might influence the use and adoption of DT in healthcare.
METHODS
A new measurement of Attitudes Towards Older Adults Using Technology (ATOAUT-10) was developed and used in two studies. Study I described the development of the ATOAUT-10 scale using a principal component analysis, and further examines healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards the use of healthcare DT and correlations with ageism. Study II further explored the correlation between ageism and ATOAUT in an experimental design with healthcare professionals.
RESULTS
In study I, physiotherapists (N=97) rated older adults as young as 50, as less able to use healthcare DT compared to younger adults (p < 0.001). A multiple regression analysis revealed that higher levels of ageism were predictive of more negative ATOAUT, beyond other predictors (β = 0.36, t = 3.73, p < 0.001). In Study II the salience of age was manipulated. Healthcare professionals (N=93) were randomly assigned to rate the abilities of a young or old person to use healthcare DT. Old age salience moderated the correlation between ageism and ATOAUT (R2 = 0.19, F(6,85) = 3.35, p = 0.005), such that higher levels of ageism correlated with more negative ATOAUT, in the old age salient condition, but not the young condition. Stereotype activation accounted for healthcare professionals’ attitudes, more than experience of working with older patients or the professional’s age.
CONCLUSIONS
Negative and ageist attitudes of healthcare professionals can potentially affect how older adults are viewed in relation to DT, and consequently influence actual use and adoption of technology-based treatment. Future studies should broaden the validation of the ATOAUT scale by focusing on the discriminatory aspect of ageism, as well as self-ageism of older adults. This study calls for a focus on ageism as a determinant of adoption of DT.