Characterization of Schu S4 aro mutants as live attenuated tularemia vaccine candidates

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a critical economic crash around the globe, affecting billions of people worldwide. Without a cure, the number of cases continues to increase exponentially. Countries, including the United States, Brazil, and India, currently lead in the number of cases with numbers soaring in the millions. Immunization is crucial to preventing the spread of infectious diseases and can help a large number of individuals quickly while keeping current cases under control. Following the publication of the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development has been accelerated at an unprecedented rate. 115 vaccine candidates are currently under study with the hope of finding an ideal solution and mitigating the Coronavirus incidence rate. With some vaccine candidates having more potential than others, this review focuses on the characterization of different vaccine options. The analysis of probable vaccines, including mRNA vaccines and adenovirus vaccines, is conducted, and the scientific reasoning behind the vaccines is also discussed. In this review, the latest strategy vaccine is introduced and the effective vaccines are analysed.

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Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Proteome at Asexual Blood Stages for Screening of Effective Vaccine Candidates: An Immunoinformatics Approach

Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights ◽

10.4137/iii.s24755 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. III.S24755 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Satarudra Prakash Singh ◽

Vishal Verma ◽

Bhartendu Nath Mishra

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Epitope ◽

Epitope Prediction ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Secretory Proteins ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Proteome Level

Malaria is a complex parasitic disease that is currently causing great concerns globally owing to the resistance to antimalarial drugs and lack of an effective vaccine. The present study involves the characterization of extracellular secretory proteins as vaccine candidates derived from proteome analysis of Plasmodium falciparum at asexual blood stages of malaria. Among the screened 32 proteins, 31 were predicted as antigens by the VaxiJen program, and 26 proteins had less than two transmembrane spanning regions predicted using the THMMM program. Moreover, 10 and 5 proteins were predicted to contain secretory signals by SignalP and TargetP, respectively. T-cell epitope prediction using MULTIPRED2 and NetCTL programs revealed that most of the predicted antigens are immunogenic and contain more than 10% supertype and 5% promiscuous epitopes of HLA-A, -B, or -DR. We anticipate that T-cell immune responses against asexual blood stages of Plasmodium are dispersed on a relatively large number of parasite antigens. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, offering new insights, at the proteome level, for the putative screening of effective vaccine candidates against the malaria pathogen. The findings also suggest new ways forward for the modern omics-guided vaccine target discovery using reverse vaccinology.

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Identification and characterization of antigens as vaccine candidates againstKlebsiella pneumoniae

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics ◽

10.4161/hv.23225 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 497-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Urban Lundberg ◽

Beatrice M. Senn ◽

Wolfgang Schüler ◽

Andreas Meinke ◽

Markus Hanner

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Identification And Characterization

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Genetic Characterization of HIV Before Widespread Testing of HIV Vaccine Candidates at a Clinical Trial Site in Pretoria, South Africa

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses ◽

10.1089/aid.2011.0285 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 1131-1138 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrew Musyoki ◽

Khutso Mothapo ◽

Johnny Rakgole ◽

Azwidowi Lukhwareni ◽

Pascal Bessong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Hiv Vaccine ◽

Trial Site ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Clinical Trial Site

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The Biological Properties of the Strain Francisella tularensis 15 NIIEG with Decreased Gene Expression sodB, Encoding Fe-Dependent Superoxide Dismutase

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention ◽

10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-5-24-29 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

M. A. Sotnikova ◽

T. B. Kravchenko ◽

I. V. Bakhteeva ◽

R. I. Mironova ◽

T. I. Kombarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Mice Model ◽

Degree Of Protection ◽

Colony Forming Unit ◽

Bactericidal Properties ◽

Tularemia Vaccine ◽

Schu S4 ◽

Sodb Gene

Relevance. Superoxide anion has bactericidal properties and is also an important inducer of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. We have created F. tularensis 15/sodBII strain with transiently decreased FeSOD synthesis level and more sensitive to oxidative stress. So we suggest that the modified vaccine strain have lower reactogenicity. Goal. Studying of effect of sodB gene expression modulation on biological properties of vaccine F. tularensis strain 15 NIIEG. Materials and methods. F. tularensis survival in macrophage-like cell line J774.1A and in spleen and liver of infected mice were analyzed through colony-forming unit enumeration. Strains reactogenicity was assessed by the dynamics of change in weight of infected mice. Efficacy of immune response generated by mutant strain of F. tularensis 15/sodBII was estimated with virulent F. tularensis strain Schu S4 infection in the BALB/c mice model. Results. Degree of protection was significantly more pronounced in the mice vaccinated with the strain F. tularensis with decreased sodB gene expression in comparison with parental F. tularensis strain NIIEG 15. Conclusions. The modified strain of F. tularensis 15/sodBII may be consider as a promising variant for development of a new tularemia vaccine with reduced reactogenicity.

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