Computational Mining and Characterization of Hypothetical Proteins of Mycobacterium bovis Toward the Identification of Probable Vaccine Candidates

Abstract A substantial fraction of archaeal genes, from ∼30% to as much as 80%, encode ‘hypothetical' proteins or genomic ‘dark matter'. Archaeal genomes typically contain a higher fraction of dark matter compared with bacterial genomes, primarily, because isolation and cultivation of most archaea in the laboratory, and accordingly, experimental characterization of archaeal genes, are difficult. In the present study, we present quantitative characteristics of the archaeal genomic dark matter and discuss comparative genomic approaches for functional prediction for ‘hypothetical' proteins. We propose a list of top priority candidates for experimental characterization with a broad distribution among archaea and those that are characteristic of poorly studied major archaeal groups such as Thaumarchaea, DPANN (Diapherotrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota and Nanohaloarchaeota) and Asgard.

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Purification and Characterization of Two Protein Antigens from the Heterogenous BCG85 Complex in Mycobacterium bovis·BCG

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000234153 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 298-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Harald G. Wiker ◽

Morten Harboe ◽

Tor E. Lea

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Protein Antigens ◽

Purification And Characterization

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An Overview of the Progress Made on the Coronavirus Vaccine

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202018503042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 185 ◽

pp. 03042

Author(s):

Yu Fang

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Scientific Reasoning ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

The United States ◽

Ideal Solution ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Number Of Individuals

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a critical economic crash around the globe, affecting billions of people worldwide. Without a cure, the number of cases continues to increase exponentially. Countries, including the United States, Brazil, and India, currently lead in the number of cases with numbers soaring in the millions. Immunization is crucial to preventing the spread of infectious diseases and can help a large number of individuals quickly while keeping current cases under control. Following the publication of the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development has been accelerated at an unprecedented rate. 115 vaccine candidates are currently under study with the hope of finding an ideal solution and mitigating the Coronavirus incidence rate. With some vaccine candidates having more potential than others, this review focuses on the characterization of different vaccine options. The analysis of probable vaccines, including mRNA vaccines and adenovirus vaccines, is conducted, and the scientific reasoning behind the vaccines is also discussed. In this review, the latest strategy vaccine is introduced and the effective vaccines are analysed.

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Generation of Attenuated Mycobacterium bovis Strains by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis for Discovery of Novel Vaccine Candidates

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.73.4.2379-2386.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 2379-2386 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Desmond M. Collins ◽

Bronwyn Skou ◽

Stefan White ◽

Shalome Bassett ◽

Lauren Collins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Essential Role ◽

Immunoblot Analysis ◽

Infection Model ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Mouse Infection Model ◽

Potential Vaccine

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, has a particularly wide host range and causes tuberculosis in most mammals, including humans. A signature tag mutagenesis approach, which employed illegitimate recombination and infection of guinea pigs, was applied to M. bovis to discover genes important for virulence and to find potential vaccine candidates. Fifteen attenuated mutants were identified, four of which produced no lesions when inoculated separately into guinea pigs. One of these four mutants had nine deleted genes including mmpL4 and sigK and, in guinea pigs with aerosol challenge, provided protection against tuberculosis at least equal to that of M. bovis BCG. Seven mutants had mutations near the esxA (esat-6) locus, and immunoblot analysis of these confirmed the essential role of other genes at this locus in the secretion of EsxA (ESAT-6) and EsxB (CFP10). Mutations in the eight other attenuated mutants were widely spread through the chromosome and included pks1, which is naturally inactivated in clinical strains of M. tuberculosis. Many genes identified were different from those found by signature tag mutagenesis of M. tuberculosis by use of a mouse infection model and illustrate how the use of different approaches enables identification of a wider range of attenuating mutants.

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