scholarly journals God representations and aspects of psychological functioning: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1647926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk P. Stulp ◽  
Jurrijn Koelen ◽  
Annemiek Schep-Akkerman ◽  
Gerrit G. Glas ◽  
Liesbeth Eurelings-Bontekoe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
God Representations

scholarly journals The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: a review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Gabriele Prati ◽  
Anthony D. Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractLockdowns to control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have had profound effects on everyday life worldwide, but their effect on mental health remains unclear because available meta-analyses and reviews rely mostly on cross-sectional studies. We conducted a rapid review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments investigating the relationship between COVID-19 lockdowns and mental health. A total of 25 studies involving 72 004 participants and 58 effect sizes were analyzed. Using a random effects model, we found that lockdowns had small effects on mental health symptoms, g = 0.17, s.e. = 0.05, 95% CI (0.06–0.24), p = 0.001, but the effects on positive psychological functioning, g = −0.12, s.e. = 0.11, 95% CI (−0.33 to 0.09), p = 0.27, were not significant. Multivariate analysis of effect sizes revealed significant and relatively small effect sizes for anxiety and depression, while those for social support, loneliness, general distress, negative affect, and suicide risk were not significant. The results indicated substantial heterogeneity among studies, but meta-regression analyses found no significant moderation effects for mean age, gender, continent, COVID-19 death rate, days of lockdown, publication status or study design. The psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdowns is small in magnitude and highly heterogeneous, suggesting that lockdowns do not have uniformly detrimental effects on mental health and that most people are psychologically resilient to their effects.

scholarly journals Shame and self-esteem: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Yohanes Budiarto ◽  
Avin Fadilla Helmi
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

Scholars agree that shame has many effects related to psychological functioning declines, and one among others is the fluctuation of self-esteem. However, the association between shame and self-esteem requires further studies. Heterogeneity studies due to different measurements, various sample characteristics, and potential missing research findings may result in uncertain conclusions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between shame and self-esteem by meta-analysis to come up with evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias of the study. Eighteen studies from the initial 235 articles involving the term shame and self-esteem were studied using the random-effects model. A total of 578 samples were included in the study. The overall effect size estimate between shame and self-esteem (r = −.64) indicates that shame correlates negatively with self-esteem and is large effect size. The result showed that heterogeneity study was found (I² = 95.093%). The Meta-regression showed that age moderated the relationship between shame and self-esteem (p = .002), while clinical sample characteristics (p = .232) and study quality (p = .184) did not affect the overall effect size.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns: A Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies and Natural Experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Prati ◽  
Anthony D Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses

Lockdowns to control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have had profound effects on everyday life worldwide, but their effect on mental health remains unclear because available meta-analyses and reviews rely mostly on cross-sectional studies. We conducted a rapid review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments investigating the relationship between COVID-19 lockdowns and mental health. A total of 25 studies involving 72,004 participants and 58 effect sizes were analyzed. Using a random effects model, we found that lockdowns had small effects on mental health symptoms, g = 0.17, SE = 0.05, 95% CI [0.06, 0.24], p = .001, but the effects on positive psychological functioning, g = -0.12, SE = 0.11, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.09], p = .27, were not significant. Multivariate analysis of effect sizes revealed significant and relatively small effect sizes for anxiety and depression, while those for social support, loneliness, general distress, negative affect, and suicide risk were notsignificant. Results indicated substantial heterogeneity among studies, but meta-regression analyses found no significant moderation effects for mean age, gender, continent, COVID-19 death rate, days of lockdown, publication status or study design. The psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdowns is small in magnitude and highly heterogeneous, suggesting that lockdowns do not have uniformly detrimental effects on mental health and that most people are psychologically resilient to their effects.

Forgiveness Therapy for the Promotion of Mental Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Akhtar ◽  
Jane Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forgiveness Therapy ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Well Being

Interpersonal hurts and violence against the individual have a high prevalence and are associated with a range of long-term problems in terms of psychological functioning. There is a growing body of research highlighting the role of forgiveness therapy in improving different aspects of psychological health in populations who have experienced diverse types of hurt, violence, or trauma. This article reports the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of process-based forgiveness interventions among samples of adolescents and adults who had experienced a range of sources of hurt or violence against them. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved using electronic databases and an examination of reference sections of previous reviews; each study was assessed for risk of bias. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess treatment effects. The results suggest that forgiveness interventions are effective in reducing depression (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI [−0.68, −0.07]), anger and hostility (SMD = −0.49, 95% CI [−0.77, −0.22]), and stress and distress (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.41]) and in promoting positive affect (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI [−0.52, −0.06]). There was also evidence of improvements in state (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI [−0.88, −0.21) and trait (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI [−0.67, −0.20]) forgiveness. The findings provide moderately strong evidence to suggest that forgiving a variety of real-life interpersonal offenses can be effective in promoting different dimensions of mental well-being. Further research is, however, needed.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Parents Following Their Child’s Single-Event Trauma: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Rates and Risk Factor Correlates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Wilcoxon ◽  
Richard Meiser-Stedman ◽  
Aaron Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Family ◽  
Child Ptsd ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Coping

AbstractEvidence suggests parents of children who experience a trauma may develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which can have significant consequences for their own and their child’s functioning. As such, identifying the rates and possible correlates for the development of PTSD in parents is of clinical and theoretical importance, and would enhance our understanding of how best to support families in the aftermath of trauma. This meta-analysis of 41 studies (n = 4370) estimated the rate of PTSD in parents following their child’s single-incident trauma to be 17.0% (95% CI 14.1–20.0%); when removing samples which were mixed, or not exclusively single-incident traumas the prevalence estimate dropped to 14.4% (95% CI 10.8–18.5%). Pooled effect sizes of 32 potential correlates for parents developing PTSD were also identified. Medium-to-large effects were found for factors relating to the parent’s post-traumatic cognition, psychological functioning and coping strategies alongside child PTSD. Small effects were found for pre-trauma factors, objective trauma-related variables and demographic factors for both parent and child. Results are consistent with cognitive models of PTSD, suggesting peri- and post-trauma factors are likely to play a substantial role in its development. These findings indicate the clinical need for screening parents most vulnerable to adverse post-traumatic reactions within the context of child trauma and tailoring interventions to include the family where necessary.

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