Assessment of the contribution of TEX air pollutants from Nigeria’s petroleum refineries to the ambient air quality: Part II

In this study, hourly mean continuous air pollution data for the year 2010 from two monitoring stations in major urban districts in the State of Kuwait were analyzed. The ambient air quality in the Al-Mansouriah and Al-Jahra districts was evaluated in terms of the hourly average concentrations of selected major air pollutants during the winter and summer seasons. The diurnal variations of these pollutants were analyzed, and in-depth comparisons of the two pollutant concentrations for the two districts were conducted to determine the predominant sources of the air pollutants. The concentrations of CO, PM10 and NO2 in the two districts exhibited different patterns in the summer and winter due to differences in the activities that take place in the surrounding areas. The concentrations of SO2 were high in both cities because of the Al-Doha power plant and oil fields near the city in Al-Jahra. The ozone concentration is highly correlated with NOx emissions and is greater in the summer than in the winter. The results confirm that road traffic is a major source of air pollution in the Al-Mansouriah district. The Al-Doha power plant and the oil fields near Al-Jahra greatly affect the air quality in that district.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition of pre-monsoon air in the Indo-Gangetic Plain measured using a new air quality facility and PTR-MS: high surface ozone and strong influence of biomass burning

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-14-5921-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 5921-5941 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

V. Sinha ◽

V. Kumar ◽

C. Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Surface Ozone ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. One seventh of the world's population lives in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and the fertile region sustains agricultural food crop production for much of South Asia, yet it remains one of the most under-studied regions of the world in terms of atmospheric composition and chemistry. In particular, the emissions and chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that form surface ozone and secondary organic aerosol through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides are not well understood. In this study, ambient levels of VOCs such as methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetonitrile and isoprene were measured for the first time in the IGP. A new atmospheric chemistry facility that combines India's first high-sensitivity proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, an ambient air quality station and a meteorological station, was used to quantify in situ levels of several VOCs and air pollutants in May 2012 at a suburban site in Mohali (northwest IGP). Westerly winds arriving at high wind speeds (5–20 m s−1) in the pre-monsoon season at the site were conducive for chemical characterization of regional emission signatures. Average levels of VOCs and air pollutants in May~2012 ranged from 1.2 to 2.7 nmol mol−1 for aromatic VOCs, 5.9 to 37.5 nmol mol−1 for the oxygenated VOCs, 1.4 nmol mol−1 for acetonitrile, 1.9 nmol mol−1 for isoprene, 567 nmol mol−1 for carbon monoxide, 57.8 nmol mol−1 for ozone, 11.5 nmol mol−1 for nitrogen oxides, 7.3 nmol mol−1 for sulfur dioxide, 104 μg m−3 for PM2.5 and 276 μg m−3 for PM10. By analyzing the one-minute in situ data with meteorological parameters and applying chemical tracers (e.g., acetonitrile for biomass burning) and inter-VOC correlations, we were able to constrain major emission source activities on both temporal and diel scales. Wheat residue burning caused massive increases (> 3 times the baseline values) for all the measured VOCs and primary pollutants. Other forms of biomass burning at night were also a significant source of oxygenated VOCs and isoprene (r2 with acetonitrile &geq;0.5 for nighttime data), which is remarkable in terms of atmospheric chemistry implications. Surface ozone exceeded the 8 h national ambient air quality limit of 100 μg O3 m−3 (~50 ppbv) on a daily basis, except for 17 May 2012, when a severe dust storm event (PM2.5 > 800 μg m−3; PM10 > 2700 μg m−3) characterized by long-range transport from the west impacted the site. The novel data set and results point to the occurrence of high primary emissions of reactive VOCs. They also highlight the urgent need for establishing more comprehensive observational facilities in the IGP to constrain the spatial and seasonal variability of atmospheric chemical constituents. Such efforts will enable a mechanistic-level understanding of the in situ chemical processes controlling the formation of surface ozone, a necessary step for effective ozone mitigation and improvement of the regional air quality.

Download Full-text

Air of Uncertainty from pollution profiteers: Status of ambient air quality of sawmill industry in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-270757/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Morufu Raimi ◽

Timothy Kayode Samson ◽

Ajayi Bankole Sunday ◽

Adio Zulkarnaini Olalekan ◽

Odipe Oluwaseun Emmanuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Health Concern ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Direct Reading ◽

Life Years

Abstract We can’t stop breathing, but we can do something about the quality of air that we breathe. Clean fresh air is indispensable ingredient for a good life quality. Individuals poses the right towards expecting that the breathed air will not harm people. Thus, fighting air pollution will not only improve health outcomes, productivity, and well-being, it’s also essential toward reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas as well as fighting climate change. For examples, a third of the global population is at risk from unhealthy of ambient air pollutants concentrations, with the loss of approximately 6.4 million healthy-life-years attributed specifically to chronic exposure to ambient particulate matter. Expert panels have consistently rated air pollution as a greater health hazard than water pollution. Pollution of air is the leading source of unexplained and undiagnosed diseases, besides have remained associated with a variety of serious human health risks, and in fact, a threshold has not been established under which these pollutants exert no adverse effects. This study evaluates ambient air quality at major sawmill sites in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. “Measurements of Air pollution were accurately carried out using direct reading, automatic in situ gas monitors; Hand held mobile multi-gas monitor with model AS8900 [Combustible (LEL), and Oxygen (O2)], BLATN with model BR – Smart Series air quality monitor (PM10, Formaldehyde) and air quality multimeter with model B SIDE EET100 (Dust (PM2.5), VOC, Temperature and Relative Humidity)”. The outcomes disclosed among others, the average concentrations of CO, O2 as well as other measured parameters for instance formaldehyde (HcHo) etc., they are also consistently low as well as within acceptable range in terms of National as well as Global monitoring standards for air quality indices. However, there are few exceptions for instance the average volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations, PM2.5, PM10 as well as Combustible (LEL) respectively, which are higher when compared to National and Global standards. This high figure is due to pollutant amount existing in the sawmills air environment resulting from input of influents from activities of the sawmill. However, as a result, air pollution in the city of Ilorin is found to be increasingly polluted and are of major health concern because of their synergistic action. Due to the high evidences and values, it can lead to a remarkable rise in over-all figure of hospital visits/ patients’ admissions with acute respiratory illnesses as soon as air pollutants level remained high. Hence, there is the need for an aggressive control of ambient air pollution.

Download Full-text

Indian megacities as localities of environmental vulnerability from air quality perspective

Journal of Smart Cities ◽

10.18063/jsc.2015.01.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bhola R. Gurjar ◽

Ajay S. Nagpure

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Social Life ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Global Climate ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Environmental Vulnerability ◽

Local And Regional Impacts

Large proportions of the Indian population live in megacities (e.g., Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata), which are vibrant centers of economic opportunities and offering better quality of social life. Due to increasing migration to these cities, Indian megacities are constantly expanding, which subsequently leads to strain on the environment with a range of impacts at local, regional and global levels. During the last few decades the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other air pollutants have increased substantially, resulting in worsening ambient air quality of these cities. With respect to time span the concern over air pollutants has also changed in Indian megacities. Concern over particulate matter, black carbon, NOx and ozone has heightened recently due to their local and regional impacts on air quality and environmental (including public) health and also because they contribute to global climate change. Although authorities have implemented several measures to reduce air pollution and its impacts in Indian megacities, much more is yet to be done to improve their ambient air quality. This paper focuses on major air pollution and GHGs emission issues in Indian megacities and associated problems within the framework of their role in environmental vulnerability.

Download Full-text

Environment Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Ambon

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ◽

10.20473/jkl.v8i2.2016.158-163 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Kornelis Urbanus Rumselly

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Air Quality ◽

Health Risk ◽

Environmental Health ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Average Risk ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Environmental Health Risk

Abstract: Ambon has population that more increasing. It implies an increase number of vehicles that will increase the concentration of contaminants in the air. The aim of this study is to analyze the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (ARKL) to determine the risk of exposure of air pollutants on the health of employees shop around Jalan Diponegoro Ambon. This study used cross sectional design with Environmental Health Risk Assessment (ARKL) approach. There were 15 people samples according inclusion criteria specifi ed. The results showed that the average concentration of SO2, NO2, O3, dust, Pb, and NH3 the highest at 14:00 to 15:00 WIT and the lowest at 18:00 to 19:00 WIT. The average risk quotient of the pollutants shows the value of Risk Quontient (RQ) < 1. It was concluded that all air pollutants in Jalan Diponegoro Ambon City still safe and still under National Ambient Air Quality Standards if in a short time, but instead will be very high risk to the health impact if employees and the communities around Jalan Diponegoro exposed for a long time and continuously. Therefore, monitoring, supervision, and guidance by the administration in Ambon City will be needed to minimize their health problems as well as planting trees to absorb air pollutants around the highway in the city of Ambon.Keywords: SO2, NO2, O3, Dust, Pb, NH3, ARKL

Download Full-text

IMPACT OF URBAN LAND USES AND ACTIVITES ON THE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA FROM 2014 TO 2020

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pm.v18i14.829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

Author(s):

Oliver Hoon Leh Ling ◽

Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi ◽

Jie Kwong Qi ◽

Nurul Ashikin Mabahwi

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Land Uses ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Klang Valley ◽

The Impact

Ambient air in the urban area normally is more polluted than less developed areas. This is due to the concentration of urban activities, such as industrial, transportations and commercial or business activities. A study about the impact of urban land uses and activities on the levels of air pollutants in Malaysia’s most urbanised and most developed region that is Klang Valley was conducted. Data of Air Pollutant Index (API) and average concentration of selected air pollutants were used to analyse the ambient air quality of the selected five (5) cities or towns in Klang Valley. The air quality condition of the five (5) cities or towns were related to the land use distributions of the cities or towns with a purpose to understand the impact of land uses on the ambient air quality. Furthermore, the changes of ambient air quality before and after Movement Control Order (MCO) were analysed to examine the impact of human activity changes on the ambient air quality. The study found that a city or a town with more industrial and transportation land uses with fewer greens was more polluted than the area with less industrial and transportation land uses with more greens. However, this finding did not apply to all areas due to effect of winds on the distribution of air pollutants. Besides that, because of MCO, most people stayed at home with the mode of “work from home” that caused air pollutant levels in urban areas to decrease due to less urban activities. Nevertheless, there was a risk of an increase in air pollution levels in residential areas due to the concentration of activities, especially driving motor vehicles in residential areas. A recommendation is given to encourage “work from home” and reduce dependency on auto-mobile in residential areas in order to improve the air quality in urban areas.

Download Full-text

Appraisal of Variation in Particulate Pollution Loading with a Change Induced by Anthropogenic Cultural Activity Over a South Indian City-Visakhapatnam

Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution ◽

10.3233/ajw210044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 63-71

Author(s):

Kavitha Chandu ◽

Dharma Raju Akasapu ◽

Samudrala Venkata Jagannadha Kumar ◽

Madhavaprasad Dasari

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Cultural Activity ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Particulate Pollution ◽

South Indian ◽

Pollution Loading ◽

Indian City ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10

The study focusses on the variation of air quality assessed from mass concentrations of air pollutants in the year 2020 (particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3)) amidst COVID–19 restrictions on firework activity during Diwali festive period in Visakhapatnam city. The results are compared with 2018 and 2019. The results indicate that the firework activity affected ambient air quality. The effect is lower in 2020 than in 2018 and even in 2019. In 2019, the effect is lower compared to 2018 due to the washout of pollutants caused by unusual rains on those days.

Download Full-text