Psicomotricidad, corporalidad, género y filosofía positivista en Chile: análisis crítico de documentos ministeriales (Psychomotricity, corporeality, gender and positivist philosophy in Chile: a critical analysis of ministerial documents)

La educación formal puede ser entendida como una actividad cultural que es influenciada por múltiples perspectivas epistemológicas que están presentes en la sociedad. Además, cada nación tiene sus propias particularidades en función de su propia historia y ciudadanía que son únicas. Unas de las corrientes teóricas que ha tenido un auge pedagógico en los últimos años en América Latina es la perspectiva feminista, promoviendo la igualdad de género. Considerando dicho contexto, se desarrolló el presente ensayo cuyo objetivo es analizar desde una perspectiva crítica y de género cuatro documentos ministeriales chilenos sobre psicomotricidad y corporalidad en edad infantil. Los análisis reflejaron que existe una marcada tendencia conductista, positivista, neoliberal y acrítica en torno al género, la psicomotricidad y la corporalidad en los textos ministeriales considerados. De este modo, se estaría promoviendo una educación infantil que asume una actitud pasiva ante las injusticias sociales y los estereotipos de género de corte patriarcal. En este sentido, se estaría reproduciendo, en el profesorado y en el alumnado infantil, una racionalidad curricular técnica y tradicional. Abstract: Formal education can be understood as a cultural activity that is influenced by multiple epistemological perspectives that are present in society. In addition, each nation has its own particularities based on its own unique history and citizenship. One of the theoretical currents that has had a pedagogical boom in recent years in Latin America is the feminist perspective, promoting gender equality. Considering this context, this essay was developed with the objective of analyzing from a critical and gender perspective four Chilean ministerial documents on psychomotricity and corporeality in early childhood. The analyses showed that there is a marked behaviourist, positivist, neoliberal and uncritical tendency towards gender, psychomotor skills and corporeality in the ministerial texts considered. In this way, it would be promoting an early childhood education that assumes a passive attitude towards social injustices and patriarchal gender stereotypes. In this sense, a technical and traditional curricular rationality is being reproduced among teachers and children.

Macrozoobenthos in an altitudinal gradient in North Patagonian Cautín River (Araucanía Region, Chile)

The Cautín River is closely related with the economic development of Temuco city, (38°S; Chile). Existing knowledge of the Cautín River is limited to information about its biological characteristics as a reference for the evaluation and assessment of water quality. The object of this study was to develop taxonomic characterisation of the benthic macroinvertebrates along the main course of the Cautín River, and to study the community structure using correlation analysis between community parameters. To carry out this research, the macroinvertebrate community was studied in 10 sampling sites distributed along the main course of the river. The samples were taken in summer (1997 and 2000), when optimal hydrological conditions existed. Analysis of the samples showed that the benthic fauna was composed of 56 taxa, the dominant group being insects with 48 taxa. Three main sectors were recognised in the course of the Cautín River: high, middle and low. Each sector has restricted-distribution species, while other species are widely distributed along the river. These distribution patterns seem to be influenced by dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, altitudinal distribution and anthropo-cultural activity, present at every sampling site. Finally, this research provides a first approach to the biology of the Cautín River. Further studies could be planned on the basis of this knowledge to investigate water quality indicators based on macroinvertebrate communities.

«ПРОСВІТА» УМАНЩИНИ ЗА ЧАСІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЇ РАДИ

Ключові слова: «Просвіта», Уманський повіт, Київська губернія, культурно-освітня політика, Центральна Рада. Анотація Події Української революції 1917-1921 рр. сприяли заснуванню просвітницьких організацій, які своїм основним завданням вбачали надання різної допомоги населенню на ниві культурно-освітніх справ. У статті досліджується процес утворення товариств «Просвіта» в Уманському повіті Київської губернії. З огляду на вагомість реалізованих проектів в статті увага присвячена добі Центральної Ради. Базуючись на архівних документах та матеріалах періодики, з’ясовано, що організаційні заходи з відродження просвітницького руху в Київській губернії були започатковані відразу після зміни політичного режиму. Головну увагу «Просвіти» краю приділяли праці в українських селах. У публікації встановлено, що просвітницькі організації в повіті почали виникати завдяки народній ініціативі, передусім проявам організаційних зусиль національно налаштованої місцевої інтелігенції та сільської молоді. Встановлено, що у більшості сіл Уманського повіту «Просвіти» виступали єдиними структурами, які проводили активну роботу серед населення, їх діяльність фокусувалася у культурницькій і освітній площині. Одним із головних завдань, що стояли перед просвітянами, було відкриття власних книгозбірень або бібліотек-читалень, придбання літератури і періодичних видань, організація курсів українознавства, поширення освітніх знань серед населення тобто все те, що могло сприяти пробудженню національної свідомості українців краю та їх об’єднанню. Фінансова допомога просвітянам краю надавалася органами місцевої влади, самоврядувань, окремими громадянами. Посилання 29 chervnia v m. Talnomu, 1917 – 29 chervnia v m. Talnomu…1917 [June 29 in Talne …1917]. «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 2 lypnia. [in Ukrainian]. Adamskyi, 2018 – Adamskyi V. R. «Prosvity» Podillia v dobu Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady (berezen 1917 – kviten 1918 rr.) [«Enlightenment» Podillya in the days of the Ukrainian Central Council (March 1917 - April 1918)] : Doslidzhennia. Dokumenty. Materialy. Khmelnytskyi: FOP Tsiupak A. A., 2018. 478 s. [in Ukrainian]. V Shukaivodi, 1917 – V Shukaivodi… 1917 [In Shukaivoda … 1917] – «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv).28 kvitnia. [in Ukrainian]. Verstyuk, ta in., 2004 – Verstiuk V., Horobets V., Tolochko O. Ukraina i Rosiia v istorychnii retrospektyvi. Ukrainski proekty v Rosiiskii imperii [Ukraine and Russia in historical retrospective review. The Ukrainian projects in the Russian empire]. K., 2004. 504 s. [in Ukrainian]. Vynnychenko, 2007 – Vynnychenko V. Vidrodzhennia natsii. Reprynt. vidtvor. vyd. 1920 r. [Revival of the nation]: u 3 ch. K. : Vyd-vo polit. l-ry Ukrainy, 1990. Ch. III. 542 s. [in Ukrainian]. Herman, 1995 – Herman O. M. Diialnist tovarystva «Prosvita» na Podilli naprykintsi XIX I v pershii polovyni XX stolittia [Activities of the society «Enlightenment» in Podolia in the late XIX and early XX century]: dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Chernivtsi, 1995. 228 s. [in Ukrainian]. Hrytsak, 1996 – Hrytsak Ya. Narys istorii Ukrainy. Formuvannia modernoi ukrainskoi natsii u XIX-XX st. [Essays on the history of Ukraine: the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation of the XIX-XX centuries]. K.: Heneza, 1996. 358 s. [in Ukrainian]. DAKO – Derzhavnyi arkhiv Kyivskoi oblasti Doroshenko, 2007 – Doroshenko D. Moi spomyny pro nedavnie mynule (1914-1920 roky) [My memories of the recent past (1914-1920)]. K. : Tempora, 2007. 632 s. [in Ukrainian]. Kravchuk, 1996 – Kravchuk L. V. Kulturo-tvorcha diialnist ta prosvitnytskyi rukh v period Ukrainskoi derzhavnosti 1917–1920 rr. [Cultural activity and educational movement in the period of Ukrainian statehood 1917-1920]: avtoref. dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Chernivtsi, 1996. 23 s. [in Ukrainian]. Kulturno-prosvitnii hurtok, 1918 – Kulturno-prosvitnii hurtok…1918 [Cultural and educational circle…1918]. «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 25 kvitnia. [in Ukrainian]. Lozovyi, 2006 – Lozovyi V. S. Poshyrennia prosvitnytskykh oseredkiv v ukrainskomu seli v period Tsentralnoi Rady (1917 r.) [Dissemination of educational centers in the Ukrainian countryside during the Central Rada (1917)]. Osvita, nauka i kultura na Podilli: zb. nauk. pr. / hol. red. kol.: P. T. Tronko. Kam’ianets-Podilskyi: Oiium, 2006. T. 7: mat. tretoho kruhloho stolu «Kultura, osvita i prosvitnytskyi rukh na Podilli u KhVIII – na pochatku KhKhI st.». S. 3-11. [in Ukrainian]. Ostashko,1997 – Ostashko T. Tovarystvo «Prosvita» – oseredky ukrainskoho natsionalno-osvitnoho rukhu za doby Tsentralnoi Rady [Society «Enlightenment» is a center of the Ukrainian national educational movement during the Central Rada] // Tsentralna Rada i ukrainskyi derzhavotvorchyi protses (do 80-richchia stvorennia Tsentralnoi Rady): Materialy nauk. konf., 20 bereznia 1997 r. NAN Ukrainy, In-t istorii Ukrainy. K., 1997. Ch. 2. S. 272-280. [in Ukrainian]. Reient, 2003 – Reient O. Ukraina v impersku dobu (XIX – pochatok XX st.) [Ukraine in the imperial era (XIX - early XX centuries)]. K., 2003. 338 s. [in Ukrainian]. Sarbei, 1999 – Sarbei V. Natsionalne vidrodzhennia Ukrainy [National revival of Ukraine]. K., 1999. 335 s. [in Ukrainian]. U mistechku Pokotylove, 1917 – U mistechku Pokotylove…1917 [In the town of Pokotylove…1917] – Chytalnia. Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 26 chervnia. [in Ukrainian]. U s. Tykhomu Khutori, 1917 – U s. Tykhomu Khutori…1917 [In the village of Tykhy Khutir] – «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 1 zhovtnia. [in Ukrainian]. Faryna, 1993 – Faryna S. Ya. Rol «Prosvit» v ukrainskomu natsionalno-kulturnomu rusi na pochatku KhKh stolittia [The role of «Enlightenment» in the Ukrainian national and cultural movement in the early XIX century].: dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Kremenchuk, 1993. 233 s. [in Ukrainian]. TsDAVO Ukrainy – Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia Ukrainy.

Igor Belza’s Cultural Activity: Artistic and Aesthetic Projections

Igor Belza’s Cultural Activity: Artistic and Aesthetic Projections

Rola prawa działalności kulturalnej w indoktrynowaniu społeczeństwa w okresie Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej — część I

The aim of the article is to establish the role of the law on cultural activity in the process of indoctrinating society in the Polish People’s Republic period. The work will analyze the legal acts regulating the system and tasks of state entities involved in promoting ideas and views approved by the then authorities, primarily of a socialist nature. It will be shown in the work that the law on cultural activity played an important role in indoctrinating society during the communist period. It actively supported state bodies, legitimizing their actions. The support was provided to a different extent and in various forms, both imperious and non-imperative. The general axiology of law included the values approved by the rulers, in the light of which legal provisions should be interpreted. The law also created an organized state administration apparatus whose task was to influence the society. A complex, multi-level system of state administration was created, the scope of which was to form a new reality as well as support the authorities and parties. Care was taken to ensure that the information provided to the public was “properly” verified. Entities providing them were regulated, in various forms and scope. Actions in this area were carefully planned and carried out, taking into account the orders of the party authorities subordinate to the powers in Moscow. The minister for propaganda, organizing and coordinating the state entities’ activities, functioned informally. The tasks and competences of state administration entities and bodies in the field of cultural activity were often constructed by law with the use of undefined concepts. This created a wide field of interpretation for the state administration body, which adjusted the meaning assigned to them to the current needs and directions of the policy pursued, thus extending the scope of its activities. In many cases, the provisions of acts and decrees defined tasks and competences in a concise manner, allowing them to be further specified or developed by the provisions of regulations. This created a lot of room for maneuver for the administration, which itself created the regulations on the basis of which it functioned. In practice, it often extended the scope of its activities, interfering in an unauthorized way in the area of human and civil rights and freedoms. All this, however, was legal — based on and within the limits of the law. Moreover, the law regulated the control and supervision of entities popularizing cultural activity, enabling wide-ranging censorship. The law also specified severe sanctions against entities not complying with the current policy of the rulers. They were regulated by acts of cultural activity and acts of criminal law. Furthermore, internal law played an important role.

Developing Society Integrity and Cultural Code by Means of Social and Cultural Activity as Factor of Ensuring National Security

Trends of developing relations in today’s society, spread of digital technologies and restrictions in movement during the last year showed a rising diffusion of society, split of opinions and weakening of the cultural code of the Russian population. The article studies sources of these changes and searches for solutions based on means of social and cultural activity. It is well known that cultural code is formed for decades and it is the social and cultural sphere that can concentrate this process and direct it to strengthening of national self-identification, rise in the rate of patriotism, education and wellbeing of the population. The process of shaping the civil society in the post-soviet period is based on pursuing cultural policy financed at the expense of the country budget, in contrast to western countries. This aspect makes us think about the necessity to change means and methods of social and cultural activity with due regard to processes of society digitalization. At the same time cultural policy acts as a significant section of the system of national security, as a way of shaping civil society, keeping cultural values and traditions. The research showed that non-linear interaction of such tensors, as sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, national security, digitalization, technologization of society can seriously affect the processes of diffusion of society integrity, destruction of its cultural code and sovereignty of state as it is. Preserving the cultural code as a foundation of national culture and overcoming problems of society diffusion are possible in case the state participation in reforming approaches to pursuing cultural policy is extended. A separate aspect is developing the HR potential of cultural institutions of the future oriented to advanced technologies, continuous learning the achievements of psychology as a science, which can create patriotic feelings in society promoting values of cultural inheritance as a foundation of national identification.

Rola prawa działalności kulturalnej w indoktrynowaniu społeczeństwa w okresie Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej — część II

The aim of the article is to establish the role of the law of cultural activity in the process of indoctrination of society in the period of the Polish People’s Republic. The work will analyze the legal acts regulating the system and tasks of state entities involved in the promotion of ideas and views approved by the then authorities, primarily of a socialist nature. It will be shown in the work that the law of cultural activity played an important role in indoctrinating society during the communist period. It actively supported state bodies, legitimizing their actions. The support was provided to a different extent and in various forms, both imperious and non-imperative. The general axiology of law included the values approved by the rulers, in the light of which legal provisions should be interpreted. The law also created an organized state administration apparatus whose task was to influence the society. A complex, multi-level system of state administration was created, the scope of which was to create a new reality and support the authorities and parties. Care was taken to ensure that the information provided to the public was ʻproperlyʼ verified. Entities providing them were regulated, in various forms and scope. Actions in this area were carefully planned and carried out, taking into account the orders of the party authorities subordinate to the authorities in Moscow. The minister for propaganda, organizing and co-ordinating the activities of state entities, functioned informally. The tasks and competences of state administration entities and bodies in the field of cultural activity were often constructed by law with the use of undefined concepts. This created a wide field of interpretation for the state administration body, which adjusted the meaning assigned to them to the current needs and directions of the policy pursued, thus extending the scope of its activities. In many cases, the provisions of acts and decrees defined tasks and competences in a concise manner, allowing them to be further specified or developed by the provisions of regulations. This created a lot of room for maneuver for the administration, which itself created the regulations on the basis of which it functioned. In practice, it often extended the scope of its activities, interfering in an unauthorized way in the area of human and civil rights and freedoms. All this, however, was legal — on the basis and within the limits of the law. Moreover, the law regulated the control and supervision of entities popularizing cultural activity, enabling wide-ranging censorship. The law also specified severe sanctions against entities not complying with the current policy of the rulers. They were regulated by acts of cultural activity and acts of criminal law. Moreover, internal law played an important role.

Cultural Institutions as Formative Elements in the Work of Behrens, Utzon and Kahn

This paper is concerned with the role of human institutions as generators of architectural form, with reference to the writings and works of Peter Behrens, Jørn Utzon, and Louis Kahn. These architects were willing to regard human institutions as living cultural entities, which ought to have a determinative influence on the design of the buildings that were to house them. This may be contrasted with the naïve functionalism promoted by some of their contemporaries. The paper begins with a brief view of the theoretical background alluded to above, and then turns to the theatre as a primary cultural activity, and the prominent place it held in Behrens's thinking during the opening years of the twentieth century. Affinities are explored between Behrens's concept of the theatre and Utzon's subsequent treatment of the theatre as a central civic institution in his design for the Sydney Opera House (1956). A parallel is seen in Louis Kahn's insistence that the starting-point for an architectural project should lie in a vision of the human institution which the project is to serve. A critical role for cultural institutions as objects of architectural attention indeed was present in urban schemes produced from the early twentieth century, as exemplified by the work of Tony Garnier.

Abu Hafs Al-Nasafi (d. 537 AH / 1142 CE) (Historical Study)

The research dealt with the biography of the jurist and historian Abu Hafs al-Nasafi, who was known thanks to him, his knowledge and his asceticism, and the abundance of his works in various types of sciences, literature and arts, which amounted to more than one hundred works. As this Hanafi jurist is the owner of the first system in jurisprudence, and his work (al-Qand in the mention of the scholars of Samarkand) is among the most important printed sources that have been translated for the flags of the city of Samarkand and those who came to it and everyone who contacted its sheikhs or held an administrative position in it then showed their intellectual activity in that period, and he was a favored owner Great in highlighting the great role of the scholars of the city and those who came to it, their civilizational contributions and their effects on the city and the regions of the country beyond the river during the era of the Islamic caliphate. The subject of his translation explained the prosperity of Arab civilization and its cultural activity in the Islamic world from the ancient until the sixth century AH, so it was the high scientific status enjoyed by Abu Hafs Al-Nasafi as a jurist and historian, and Adeeb, motivated us to choose this topic.

Cultural Activity of the Archives of the Tuzla Canton during the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic

The cultural activity of archives is crucial in terms of presentation of archival material as a cultural and historical heritage. In this way, archives animate the professional, scientific and general public to come to the archives and use the archival material for scientific research and other purposes. The most popular ways of presenting archival material are various archival exhibitions, documents, photographs, and other archival material. In addition, the promotion of professional and scientific publications also enriches the cultural activity of archives, and through them, archival activity and archival material are additionally affirmed. This paper aims to present the cultural activity of the Archives of Tuzla Canton in the year of the coronavirus virus pandemic, 2020, and to analyze, through comparative indicators from previous years, the extent to which cultural activity in the Archives of Tuzla Canton stagnated as a result of the pandemic. Also, the paper will present some new modalities of the work of the Archives of Tuzla Canton, in terms of presenting exhibitions to the general public in the year of the pandemic.