Exploring the factors that determine depression among 50+ Europeans since childhood: The role of adverse experiences as mediators

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Eleni Serafetinidou ◽  
Georgia Verropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Experiences

scholarly journals Pricing Lives for Corporate and Governmental Risk Decisions

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246
Author(s):  
W. Kip Viscusi
Keyword(s):  
General Motors ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Risk Valuation ◽  
Product Risk ◽  
Wrongful Death ◽  
Corporate Risk

The value of a statistical life (VSL) is the most influential single parameter used in calculating the benefits of governmental regulations. While there are some interagency differences, there is a commonality in the conceptual approach, the central role of mortality risk valuation in benefit assessment, and the general range of valuations used. Corporate risk decisions are based on a less rigorous risk analysis procedure. As typified by the General Motors ignition switch recall problems and the company’s lax corporate safety culture, there is often little systematic corporate balancing of cost and risk. This suppression of safety concerns may be attributable to the adverse experiences automobile companies had after conducting risk analyses that valued fatalities based on damages awards for wrongful death, and in response juries levied blockbuster punitive damages awards. Instead, companies should adopt the VSL in its product risk decisions. Companies should also be provided with a safe harbor reference point for responsible risk decisions. Regulatory agencies should use the VSL in setting regulatory sanctions.

A Bad Moment with the Light’. No-Sex Couples: The Role of Autistic-Contiguous Anxieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Berg
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the impact of adverse experiences in infancy, before an adequate sense of self, or ego, is formed, on the sexual functioning of a couple. The author utilises Thomas Ogden's (1989) concept of an autistic-contiguous phase of development, and the idea that a lack of ‘good enough’ holding (Winnicott, 1956) leaves the infant with an inadequately internalised ego. This results in the lack of a capacity for self-containment, and an ongoing vulnerability to overwhelming experiences of fragmentation. Due to the sensory nature of early experience, which is not accessible in declarative memory, this vulnerability is potentially re-evoked in a sensory domain, such as in a couple's sexual relationship. When two individuals with this underlying lack become a couple, they unconsciously seek an experience of containment, which neither has the capacity to offer. Defences against recognising this shared deficit can result in a collusive fused dynamic that may veto the sensory aspects of relating, including sex. If this embargo is lifted, the psychic fusion maintaining integration for the couple is sundered. With two individuals experiencing psychic collapse can the temporary containment offered by couple psychotherapy adequately deal with this degree of underlying disorganisation?

Aetiology of anxiety and depressive disorders in an inner-city population. 2. Comorbidity and adversity

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Brown ◽  
T. O. Harris ◽  
M. J. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
City Population ◽  
Major Loss

SynopsisAn earlier paper documented that adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence considerably raise risk of both depressive and anxiety conditions (with the exception of mild agoraphobia and simple phobia) in adult life. This paper deals with the same inner-city women with children at home. Consideration of adverse experiences throughout adulthood as a whole (excluding the period just before onset) particularly involving major prior losses suggests that rather different aetiological processes may be involved. Depression appears to be often linked to experiences of major loss in adulthood as a whole and to be particularly susceptible to shortcomings in the quality of ongoing social support. For anxiety only early adverse experiences appeared to be critical. (However, the onset of both conditions is often provoked by a severely threatening event in the most recent period – particularly ‘loss’ in depression, and ‘danger’ in anxiety.) Finally the critical role of early experience for both anxiety and depression explains to a considerable extent why they so often occur together; and social factors not studied in the present enquiry may account for some of the remaining unexplained comorbidity.

Specific Pathways From Adverse Experiences to BPD in Adolescence: A Criteria-Based Approach of Trauma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Marion Robin ◽  
Marie Douniol ◽  
Alexandra Pham-Scottez ◽  
Ludovic Gicquel ◽  
Veronique Delvenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Parental Suicide ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Borderline Patients ◽  
Separation From Parents

Within the European Research Network on BPD (EURNET-BPD; n = 85 BPD adolescents, n = 84 healthy controls, aged 13–19), this study explored the combination of three types of adversity—maltreatment, stressful life events (early separation from parents, parental suicide attempt, parental chronic disease) and parental bonding—as predictors of BPD, on a criteria-based approach. Results indicated that cumulative traumatic experiences largely characterize borderline adolescent's history; and, in the multivariate regression models, all adversity experiences were likely to contribute to BPD symptoms. The role of emotional abuse, parental suicide attempt, and a decrease in paternal level of care were particularly prominent. Moreover, adversities combinations were different for each criterion, suggesting that specific sets of traumatic experiences are leading to BPD. These findings argue for a further criteria-based exploration of trauma in borderline patients, as well as a more accurate and efficient prevention.

The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in modulating the influence of early adverse experiences on development

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
O. Burenkova ◽  
◽  
M. Zhukova ◽  
O. Naumova ◽  
E. Grigorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Adverse Experiences

scholarly journals Feeling ‘like a minority . . . a pathology’: interpreting race from research with African and Caribbean women on violence and abuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava Kanyeredzi
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Qualitative Researcher ◽  
Caribbean Women ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
The Impact

Qualitative researchers are often advised to use their emotional responses to data, and participants’ experiences are understood through those of researchers’, how this process unfolds is less clear. This article is about the role of feelings for the qualitative researcher at different stages of the process and offers strategies for working through, ‘using’ and ‘feeling together with’ participants’ reflections on lived experiences. I interviewed nine African and Caribbean heritage British women about their experiences of violence and abuse where one described feeling ‘like a minority . . . a pathology’. This article describes my responses to experiences of racialised and gendered intrusion in interviews, later reflection and analytic work. The article brings recognition to a stigmatised and hidden process within qualitative interviews and data interpretation. This serves to amplify the impact of injustice and adverse experiences for participants, and researchers, and to a wider audience, and to validate its existence and emotional burden as a legitimate and crucial stage of qualitative data analysis.

scholarly journals Early adversity and adult delinquency: the mediational role of mental health in youth offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2805-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Basto-Pereira ◽  
Ângela da Costa Maia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Mediational Role

Abstract This research explores the mediational role of mental health in the relationship between early adverse experiences and current self-reported delinquency in young adults with past juvenile justice involvement. Seventy-five young adults with official records of juvenile delinquency in 2010/2011 filled out our protocol in 2014/2015 including the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the D-CRIM questionnaire (evaluating delinquency). The global level of adverse experiences during childhood and adolescence was related to mental health problems and self-reported delinquency in young adulthood, while psychopathological symptoms were also related to current self-reported delinquency. The mental health indicator partially mediated the link between early adversity and current self-reported offending in individuals with past juvenile justice involvement. Our results are in line with previous psychological and neurobiological approaches and highlight the importance of mental health services in youth offender rehabilitation. Future directions for research are provided.

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