Research on food safety prediction method based on k-means clustering algorithm

Aiming at the problem of food risk prediction, this paper proposes a method based on clustering algorithm to predict product risk by raw material risk. Firstly, based on the provincial supply chain closed-loop hypothesis, this paper proposes the selection method of clustering indexes for products and their raw materials. Secondly, this paper uses the k-means clustering algorithm to cluster the products and the corresponding raw materials respectively, then based on the clustering Class results automatically determine the high-risk categories of the products and their raw materials. Finally, the analysis of the experimental data of the 8 categories of products and their raw materials shows that the ratio of the high-risk categories of products and the ratios of the corresponding high-risk categories of raw materials have a strong positive correlation. The experimental results prove the rationality of the raw material clustering index selection method proposed in this paper and the correctness of the method of predicting product risk based on the raw material risk based on the clustering algorithm.

Mechanism Linking AR-Based Presentation Mode and Consumers’ Responses: A Moderated Serial Mediation Model

The technological development of online product presentation modes (e.g., augmented reality, virtual reality) will greatly impact the future of e-retailing. The potential benefits of applying these new technologies for e-retailers need further investigation. Based upon the stimulus-organism-response (S–O-R) model, this study examines the effect of AR-based presentation modes on consumer patronage intention, with the mediating role of immersion, enjoyment, perceived product risk and attractiveness of the online store. Furthermore, it explores the moderating effect of technophilia that reflects consumers’ positive attitude towards technology. A single factor between-subject experiment study was conducted with a sample of 420 university students. Results suggest that the serial indirect effects of AR presentation on patronage intention through immersion/enjoyment/perceived product risk and attractiveness of online store are conditional upon the level of technophilia. Technophilia is a critical factor that explains consumers’ psychological and behavioral responses when they are using new technologies. The study provides new knowledge for e-marketing practitioners, as well as AR literature by indicating how and when new technology-based presentation works in evoking consumers’ patronage intention.

Safer by design: Building a collaborative, integrated and evidence-based framework to inform the regulation and mitigation of gambling product risk

Evidence suggests that harms may result from gambling participation as a result of a complex interaction between individual differences among consumers, environmental factors, and the characteristics of the gambling product. The latter of these factors, broadly referred to in this paper as product risk, has received increased policy attention in recent years. Product-focussed approaches to harm reduction, however, are under-developed relative to other forms of player protection and likely reflects the limitations of existing evidence and relative complexity of the topic. In this position paper, we define and explain the concept of product risk and consider what is currently known regarding the link between gambling products and harm. The paper describes the present barriers to develop effective product risk regulation and harm mitigation strategies. These include the competing interests of stakeholders, limited collaboration and information sharing, clear roles, responsibilities and leadership and a lack of integrated evidence-informed approaches. In response to these challenges, we propose adopting a framework comprised of a series of principles to progress this contested area of policy. The framework encourages better collaboration and communication between stakeholders; the accelerated production of valid and reliable evidence; a strategic alignment of stakeholder activity; and, more effective and efficient approaches to assessing and mitigating product risk.

Click & Collect Retailing: A Study on Its Influence on the Purchase Intention of Customers

The retail sector, over the years, has evolved dramatically to provide better service to its customers. With the superior convenience of online shopping and tangible experience of in-store shopping, retail industries are looking forward to integrating both modes, thus embracing omni channel to provide better service to their customers. The prime objective of the research is to investigate the level of influence that using the Click & Collect online shopping mode can have on customer purchase intention and to ascertain the effects that online and offline shopping attributes have on this intention. The study emphasizes the usefulness of integrating both the shopping modes, thus embracing omni channel in the retail sector to provide a better shopping experience to the customers. The primary data were collected from 356 respondents. Secondary data were collected by reviewing articles, research papers, extant studies and newspaper articles. In the analysis, the buying behaviour through an e-commerce platform and customers’ purchase intentions are taken as the dependent variable. Product risk, online trust, website quality, offline experience and perceived usefulness are identified as the independent variables. The data thus collected were processed for regression tests using IBM SPSS 25 software to analyse the results. The Stimulus-Organism-Response model was deployed as the proposed model for the research. The results obtained from the research will allow retailers to understand the customer's buying behaviour towards the new Click & Collect system better by identifying the key variables that influence their purchase intention.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ONLINE IMPULS BUYING

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the factors that influence online impulse buying. The population in this study are people who have shopped impulsively at various e-stores in Indonesia such as Shopee, Lazada, Bukalapak and Tokopedia. The research sample size is 325 respondents. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires through social media and analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS software. The results show that flow state, product affect and social interaction have a positive influence on online impulse buying so that the pleasure felt by consumers when browsing e-stores, positive (emotional) responses to products and social interactions can encourage the online impulse buying. Meanwhile, product risk has no effect on impulse buying, so product risk will not be related to the occurrence of online impulse buying. Online businessmen can encourage impulse buying by presenting attractive e-stores and providing communication space for fellow consumers through various media to be able to share information about products and shopping experiences. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi online impuls buying. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah orang-orang yang pernah berbelanja secara impulsif pada berbagai e-store di Indonesia seperti Shopee, Lazada, Bukalapak dan Tokopedia. Ukuran sampel penelitian adalah 325 responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner melalui media sosial dan dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan software SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keadaan mengalir, persepsi produk dan interaksi sosial mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap pembelian online secara impulsif sehingga kesenangan yang dirasakan konsumen ketika menelusuri e-store, respon (emosi) positif terhadap produk dan interaksi sosial yang dilakukan konsumen dapat mendorong munculnya pembelian impulsif online. Sementara resiko produk tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pembelian impulsif sehingga besar kecilnya resiko produk tidak akan berhubungan dengan terjadinya online impuls buying. Pelaku bisnis online dapat mendorong terjadinya pembelian impulsif dengan menghadirkan e-store yang menarik dan menyediakan ruang komunikasi antarkonsumen melalui berbagai media untuk dapat saling berbagi informasi mengenai produk dan pengalaman berbelanja.JEL : M31

The impact of risk factors on South African consumers’ attitude towards online shopping

Orientation: The advances in technology have resulted in an increasing number of people choosing to shop online, globally. Despite the growing number of those shopping online and online retailers, most customers continue to avoid shopping online. This could be because of risks inherent in online shopping that have resulted in some consumers opting not to shop online.Research purpose: The main aim of the research study is to identify the risks influencing consumers’ attitude towards online purchases.Motivation for the study: The study was driven by the need to determine the risks associated with online shopping that influence whether consumers will shop online or not.Research design, approach and method: A survey, using the non-probability convenience sampling method, was used to reach respondents (207 consumers in South Africa who visited two shopping malls) in Gauteng, South Africa. Data were collected from consumers at the two shopping malls from March 2019 to April 2019. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the conceptual model for the study.Main findings: The results showed that product risk and privacy risk influence consumer attitude in online shopping positively and that delivery risk does not to have a great influence on attitude towards online shopping. The attitude towards online shopping was also found to positively influence their intention to shop online.Practical/managerial implications: The practical implications for this study would be that retail owners and marketers would understand and manage product and privacy as risks that inhibit consumers from shopping online. Retailers should formulate appropriate marketing and retail strategies that address these risks to change consumers’ perceptions about online shopping and reduce the level of risks related to online shopping.Contribution/value-add: Marketing and retail strategies should include strategies on how product risk and privacy risks will be managed and reduced to ensure they do not influence consumer’s attitude against online shopping.

IMPACT OF PERCEIVED RISK ON CUSTOMER’S ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARDS BRANDED APPARELS

The purpose of the current research is to assess the influence of perceived risk on the online purchase intention of customers towards branded apparels. To discuss perceived risk, the use of five different factors was made which are product risk, time risk, social risk, security risk, and financial risk. It has evaluated the impact of these risks on online purchase intention. To collect data, a survey has been used as a method and quantitative analysis used for testing the hypothesis established. Data were collected from 20 respondents who participated in the survey online and the collected data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The findings suggest that there is an influence of perceived risk on consumers when they are purchasing branded apparel online. Two factors product and financial risk have a significant and negative influence on customers online purchase intention. However, other factors which are security, social, and time risk are insignificant. In the context of practical implications, this study would be helpful for online retailers and would provide them with an overview of the customer’s perspective regarding the risks that restrict them from purchasing branded apparel online.

Estimating the Impact of Tobacco Parity and Harm Reduction Tax Proposals Using the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace

Taxes are a demonstrably effective method to suppress tobacco use. This study examined the effects of the tobacco parity (i.e., imposing taxes equally on all tobacco products) and the harm reduction (i.e., applying taxes in proportion to the products’ levels of harm) tax proposals on demand and substitution across products. A crowdsourced sample of cigarette smokers (n = 35) completed purchasing trials with increasing tax magnitudes across different tax tiers in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace in a repeated-measures design. Products were placed in three tax tiers (high, medium, and no tax) according to each proposal’s goal. The results indicated that total nicotine (mg) purchased was not significantly different between the proposals, with higher taxes yielding lower demand. However, as taxes increased, the tobacco parity proposal decreased the purchasing of all tobacco products and increased the purchasing of medicinal nicotine (i.e., the no tax tier). Conversely, the harm reduction proposal resulted in greater purchases of electronic nicotine delivery systems and smokeless tobacco (i.e., the medium tax tier). These findings support tobacco taxation as a robust tool for suppressing purchasing and suggest that differential taxation in proportion to product risk would be an effective way to incentivize smokers to switch from smoked to unsmoked products. Further studies should investigate the unintended consequences of their implementation.

Auto Defect Detection Using Customer Reviews for Product Recall Insurance Analysis

The challenge for Product Recall Insurance companies and their policyholders to manually explore their customer product’s defects from online customer reviews (OCR) delays product risk analysis and product recall recovery processes. In today's product life cycle, product recall events happen almost every day and there is no practical method to automatically transfer the massive amount of valuable online customer reviews, such as defect information, performance issue, and serviceability feedback, to the Product Recall Insurance team as well as their policyholders’ engineers to analyze the product risk and evaluate their premium. This lack of early risk analysis and defect detection mechanism often increases the risks of a product recall and cost of claims for both the insurers and policyholder, potentially causing billions of dollars in economic loss, liability resulting from the bodily injury, and loss of company credibility. This research explores two different kinds of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models and one Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to extract product defect information from OCRs. This research also proposes a novel approach, combined with RNN and LDA models, to provide the insurers and the policyholders with an early view of product defects. The proposed approach first employs the RNN models for sentiment analysis on customer reviews to identify negative reviews and reviews that mention product defects, then applies the LDA model to retrieve a summary of key defect insight words from these reviews. Results of this research show that both the insurers and the policyholders can discover early signs of potential defects and opportunities for improvement when using this novel approach on eight of the bestselling Amazon home furnishing products. This combined approach can locate the keywords of these products’ defects and issues that customers mentioned the most in their OCRs, which allows the insurers and the policyholders to take required mitigation actions earlier, proactively stop the diffusion of the detective products, and hence lower the cost of claim and premium.

Blue and red in financial documents: the influence on attentional mechanisms and behavior

PurposeThis study investigates whether colors red or blue in financial disclosure documents (Key Investor Information Documents – KIIDs) affect attention distribution toward the visual stimulus and the perception of financial attractiveness of the products.Design/methodology/approachIn order to observe and measure financial consumers' visual attention, the unobtrusive methodology of eye-tracking is used on a sample of nonprofessional investors, applying an ecological protocol, through a cross-sectional design.FindingsFinancial information processing and visual attention distribution are influenced by the color of the KIID document, as red seems to attract attention, proxied by gazing behavior, more than blue. Red color, compared to blue, is also observed to push investors to rate the products as less financially attractive, especially when the product Risk Reward Profile is high.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the role of the basic visual properties of documents conveying financial information, prompting to investigate the unconscious and automatic mechanisms of individual's attention and its influence on decision making.Originality/valueUsing the eye-tracking tool, this study bridges neuroscience, color research, marketing and finance and provides new knowledge on the underlying neural mechanisms of financial consumers' behavior.