Investigations on the Influence of Surface Textures on Optical Reflectance of Multi-crystalline Silicone (MC-Si) Crystal Surfaces-Simulations and Experiments

MC-Si is the most widely used material for making solar PV cells. In spite of the considerable research on improving the conversion efficiency of MC-Si solar PV cells still it remains well within the range of 15-20%. Optical reflectance being the major loss of incident solar energy, efforts are being made to reduce the optical reflectance of solar cell surfaces. Among the several methods proposed, creation of well-defined surface topography on the cell surface remains a promising option. Micro/nano level features with various dimensions and distributions have been created on MC-Si crystal surfaces using a femto-second pulsed laser and the influence of surface topography on optical reflectance in the incident light wave length of 350 – 1000 nm have been studied and compared with the simulation results obtained using OPAL2 software. Experimental results indicate that surface textures on the wafer surface lead to the reduction of optical reflectance in the range of 20-35% in comparison with plain surface. Width of micro grooves have less significant effect on the optical reflectance in comparison with pitch between the micro grooves. Best reduction in reflectance is exhibited by the texture having a groove width of 30 mm and a pitch of 100 mm. A post texturing etching operation is found to have detrimental effect on the ability of micro/nano level features in decreasing the optical reflectance in the preferred wavelength of solar spectrum due to the flattening of nano level features created within the micro grooves due to laser texturing.

Peran Aplikasi “Visiting Jogja” dalam Mengembalikan Kepercayaan Wisatawan untuk Berwisata ke Yogyakarta

Covid-19 made several countries adopt lock-down policies as an effort to break the chain of spreading the virus. However, this policy greatly affects sectors related to the daily mobility of people, especially the tourism sector which has been most significantly affected by Covid-19. One of the provinces in Indonesia that has experienced a major loss in the tourism sector due to Covid-19 is the Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY). Therefore, the DIY government gradually continues to encourage the tourism sector to resume operations, one of which is by releasing new applications for tourists, namely "Jogja Pass" and "Visiting Jogja" to monitor visitors to tourism destinations in DIY. In this study the author will focus on studying the application "Visiting Jogja". The purpose of this research is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the "Visiting Jogja" application from the user's point of view, and to find out whether the "Visiting Jogja" application can help restore the confidence of tourists to travel to Yogyakarta. This study uses qualitative research methods, with data collection techniques through direct interviews with 10 respondents as a sample who is determined randomly. The results show that the application "Visiting Jogja" can provide assurance for tourists, which helps generate confidence in users to visit more tourism attractions in Yogyakarta. However, the government's efforts in socializing and promoting the “Visiting Jogja” application to the public are still lacking.

An ultrasensitive planar array p24 Gag ELISA to detect HIV-1 in diverse biological matrixes

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) persistence in the presence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has halted the development of curative strategies. Measuring HIV persistence is complex due to the low frequency of cells containing virus in vivo. Most of the commercially available assays to date measure nucleic acid. These assays have the advantage of being highly sensitive and allow for the analysis of sequence diversity, intactness of the HIV genome or evaluation of diverse RNA species. However, these assays are limited in evaluating translational competent viral reservoirs. In here, we developed an ultrasensitive p24 ELISA that uses the Simoa planar array technology that can detect HIV-1 virions and HIV-1 infected cell with limit of detection similar to nucleic acid assays. Furthermore, the assay is optimized to measure very low levels of p24 in different biological fluids without a major loss of sensitivity or reproducibility. Our results demonstrate that the ‘homebrew’ planar p24 ELISA immunoassay is a broadly applicable new tool to evaluate HIV persistence in diverse biological fluids and cells.

Experimental Investigation on Waste Utilization of Steel Fiber and SCBA in Concrete with Partially Replacement of Cement

In the present study the effect of Suarcane bagasse ash and steel Fiber on the strength of concrete is investigated. The addition of bagasse ash not only helps in reducing pollution but also leads to sustainable development of the country. From the literature it has been observed that bagasse ash significantly increases the strength of concrete and it can be used as a partial replacement of cement in the concrete. In these trial examination work concrete cubes, cylinders and beams of M-25 grade were casted and tested to inspect different properties of concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength test. The test results shows that Sugarcane Bagasse Ash can be utilized for partial replacement of cement up to 10% by weight of cement without any major loss in strength. Keywords: Steel fibres, Cement and Compressive Strength, GGBS, Fly Ash, SFRC, Cement, , Split Tensile Strength

Tumblehome Ships - From Greek Triremes to the Zumwalt

After almost a century the US Navy has reintroduced tumblehome into the design of naval combatants. This paper discusses some of the reasons tumblehome was originally designed into ships and why it served it owners well for many centuries. The transition from sail to steam power a little over a century ago led to a variety of problems with the combatant ships designed with tumblehome where the lack of damage stability caused a major loss of life as these ships sank so quickly. During World War I ships designed with tumblehome fell out of favor and some of the ships were actually modified to remove the tumblehome from the design. These changes in the design of tumblehome ships are discussed in this paper.

Identification of plant diseases and distinct approaches for their management

Background Globally in the agricultural industry the major loss faced by is due to plant diseases. Various pathogens are responsible for causing plant bacterial and viral diseases, the treatment of them is very important in order to bring out the best quality and quantity of the agricultural yield. Before Technology came into practice the plant disease were identified by visual examination, the main symptoms such as curling of leaves and change of colour were observed. With advancements in science the microscopic examination for more clarity regarding diseases came into existence. Main body The distinct methods involve use of nucleic acids and serological assays were implemented to study bacterial and viral characteristics of the infecting pathogen. Traditionally, seed coating and mulching techniques were more common among farmers to generate better quality of the crops and prevent plants from any disease but currently new innovative methods are used. Microbial bio control agents are now one of the widely used approach in which microbial species are used to eliminate or inhibit the growth of pathogens in order to reduce the severity of the infection. Similarly, like microbial agent’s different chemicals are present in order to kill the pathogens. These chemicals are classified as bactericides, fungicides and nematicides which suppress the plant infection caused by bacteria, fungal and nematodes, respectively. Conclusions In the forthcoming years, the development of more innovative agricultural-related techniques is prime that will help in increase of the yield and provides resistance to plants. Some of them are developed earlier but there is still need to develop more pathogen-resistant species for example in case of silencing of genes with insertion of a viral segment.

April 19, 2005—Leaving Gifts

In this dialogue, Nell lets go of possessions and gifts them to friends and relatives. She was especially pleased with transferring 120,000 frequent-flyer miles to her niece’s family so they could make their annual pilgrimage to Michigan from Seattle. This is the second time she has downsized in two years. When she and Al moved from their home to this apartment, they had to place furniture in storage or sell it. A major loss with the move was her highly valued garden with its associated activities, especially digging in the good earth. Nell once again spoke of her intense fear of suffocation and likened it to “skating in the dark.” She feels the same type of fear and panic when she cannot swallow due to dry mouth. Her shortness of breath has been a continual challenge; the addition of an oxygen apparatus has helped. Unfortunately, she had difficulty getting the machine to work properly because it was delivered without an essential component, the humidifier. Consequently, her nasal passages were drying out and bleeding. She subsequently needed to increase her self-advocacy efforts with the hospice healthcare providers. We practiced a breathing exercise to help her settle herself when she feels short of breath.

An ultrasensitive planar array p24 Gag ELISA to detect individual HIV-1 viral particles and infected cells

Human Immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) persistence in the presence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has halted the development of curative strategies. Measuring HIV persistence is complex due to the low frequency of cells containing virus in vivo. Most of the commercially available assays to date measure nucleic acid. These assays have the advantage of being highly sensitive and allow for the analysis of sequence diversity, intactness of the HIV genome or evaluation of diverse RNA species. However, these assays are limited in evaluating translational competent viral reservoirs. In here, we developed an ultrasensitive p24 ELISA that uses the SimoaTM planar array technology that can detect as low as a single HIV-1 particle and a single HIV-1 infected cell. Furthermore, the assay is optimized to measure very low levels of p24 in different biological fluids without a major loss of sensitivity or reproducibility. Our results demonstrate that the ‘homebrew' planar p24 ELISA immunoassay is a broadly applicable new tool to evaluate HIV persistence in diverse biological fluids.

A New Design Model of an MR Shock Absorber for Aircraft Landing Gear Systems Considering Major and Minor Pressure Losses: Experimental Validation

This work presents a novel design model of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based shock absorber (MR shock absorber in short) that can be applied to an aircraft landing gear system. When an external force acts on an MR shock absorber, pressure loss occurs at the flow path while resisting the fluid flow. During the flow motion, two pressure losses occur: the major loss, which is proportional to the flow rate, and the minor loss, which is proportional to the square of the flow rate. In general, when an MR shock absorber is designed for low stroke velocity systems such as an automotive suspension system, the consideration of the major loss only for the design model is well satisfied by experimental results. However, when an MR shock absorber is applied to dynamic systems that require high stroke velocity, such as aircraft landing gear systems, the minor loss effect becomes significant to the pressure drop. In this work, a new design model for an MR shock absorber, considering both the major and minor pressure losses, is proposed. After formulating a mathematical design model, a prototype of an MR shock absorber is manufactured based on the design parameters of a lightweight aircraft landing gear system. After establishing a drop test for the MR shock absorber, the results of the pressure drop versus stroke/stroke velocity are investigated at different impact energies. It is shown from comparative evaluation that the proposed design model agrees with the experiment much better than the model that considers only the major pressure loss.

Save-Life Helpline System

In the current context, road accidents have become a major loss to society, with ordinary people being left with little help during an emergency. The SAVE-LIFE Helpline is a comprehensive record of various human contributions. This contribution is very important for people who need help, especially for people who cannot afford to pay their bills. The project is intended to help these cases through donors, where the donor can donate money through the web project directly to people in need. Provides communication between provider and client. The donor can donate to the emergency personnel or to the SAVE-LIFE Helpline, which keeps track of those who need help.