scholarly journals Look south: challenges and opportunities for the ‘rules of the road’ for cyberspace in ASEAN and the AU

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Irene Poetranto ◽  
Justin Lau ◽  
Josh Gold
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Macrocognition Research: Challenges and Opportunities on the Road Ahead

2017 ◽  
pp. 396-416
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Fiore ◽  
C.A.P. Smith ◽  
Michael P. Letsky
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
On The Road

scholarly journals GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: A STUDY ON ROAD MAP FOR 2017

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nidhi
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Local Council ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxation System

The paper covers the scope of GST and the history of the taxation system in India. The word tax is derived from the Latin word ‘taxare’ meaning, to estimate. “A tax is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority" and is any contribution imposed by government whether under the name of toll, tribute, impost, duty, custom, excise, subsidy, aid, supply, or other name.” Taxes in India are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such as Municipality or Local Council. The paper consists of the demerits of existing taxation system, challenges and opportunities of the GST and the latest amendments with the road map for 2017. With the help of this paper we get the overview of the current amendments and the future efforts to be made in the implementation of GST.

scholarly journals Gotta CAPTCHA ’Em All: A Survey of 20 Years of the Human-or-computer Dilemma

2022 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Meriem Guerar ◽  
Luca Verderame ◽  
Mauro Migliardi ◽  
Francesco Palmieri ◽  
Alessio Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Road ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
User Friendly

A recent study has found that malicious bots generated nearly a quarter of overall website traffic in 2019 [102]. These malicious bots perform activities such as price and content scraping, account creation and takeover, credit card fraud, denial of service, and so on. Thus, they represent a serious threat to all businesses in general, but are especially troublesome for e-commerce, travel, and financial services. One of the most common defense mechanisms against bots abusing online services is the introduction of Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA), so it is extremely important to understand which CAPTCHA schemes have been designed and their actual effectiveness against the ever-evolving bots. To this end, this work provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of CAPTCHA schemes and defines a new classification that includes all the emerging schemes. In addition, for each identified CAPTCHA category, the most successful attack methods are summarized by also describing how CAPTCHA schemes evolved to resist bot attacks, and discussing the limitations of different CAPTCHA schemes from the security, usability, and compatibility point of view. Finally, an assessment of the open issues, challenges, and opportunities for further study is provided, paving the road toward the design of the next-generation secure and user-friendly CAPTCHA schemes.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities towards the road of universal health coverage (UHC) in Nepal: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat ◽  
Chun-Bae Kim ◽  
Ajanta Singh ◽  
Devaraj Acharya ◽  
Krishna Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals The Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Application of Noncoding RNAs: The Road Map for miRNAs and piRNAs in Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi Krishnan ◽  
Sambasivarao Damaraju
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
The Road ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Discoveries on nonprotein-coding RNAs have induced a paradigm shift in our overall understanding of gene expression and regulation. We now understand that coding and noncoding RNA machinery work in concert to maintain overall homeostasis. Based on their length, noncoding RNAs are broadly classified into two groups—long (>200 nt) and small noncoding RNAs (<200 nt). These RNAs perform diverse functions—gene regulation, splicing, translation, and posttranscriptional modifications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are two classes of small noncoding RNAs that are now classified as master regulators of gene expression. They have also demonstrated clinical significance as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for several diseases, including cancer. Despite these similarities, both these RNAs are generated through contrasting mechanisms, and one of the aims of this review is to cover the distance travelled since their discovery and compare and contrast the various facets of these RNAs. Although these RNAs show tremendous promise as biomarkers, translating the findings from bench to bedside is often met with roadblocks. The second aim of this review therefore is to highlight some of the challenges that hinder application of miRNA and piRNA as in guiding treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities in promoting health equity for migrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Nordström ◽  
D Ingleby ◽  
S Dias ◽  
J Magnus ◽  
T A Eikemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract Issue What has to be done to achieve health equity for migrants? International bodies have published many weighty declarations and recommendations to this end, but these need to be ordered and synthesised. A recurring theoretical problem is how to disentangle the health effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) and migrant status, in order to develop policies that effectively address both factors. Description of the problem As part of the Policy Framework for Analysis (PFA) for Work Package 7 of the Joint Action on Health Equity Europe (JAHEE), key policy documents between 2007 and 2018 were reviewed to form a ‘Road Map' from which a coherent synthesis was extracted. The PFA also developed a model for conceptualising the joint influence of SEP and migrant status. What is the relationship between these, and what policy approaches does it imply? Results The main recommendations of the ‘Road Map' were summarised in two categories: ‘upstream' measures (data collection and research, governance, and intersectoral action to tackle social determinants of health) and ‘downstream' ones (access to health services, responsiveness to migrants' needs, and attention for vulnerable groups). In the past, ‘upstream' measures have been unduly neglected. According to the proposed model, migrant status can have both direct effects on health and indirect ones that are mediated via SEP. Along the indirect pathways, migrants may suffer from increased exposure and/or increased vulnerability to health threats associated with low SEP. Lessons A high degree of consensus already exists about health inequities affecting migrants and the measures needed to tackle them. The urgent challenge at the moment is to put these conclusions into practice. To this end, there is little point in tackling socioeconomic inequities and those linked to migration and ethnicity as though they had nothing to do with each other. Key messages The recommendations of international bodies on migrant health from 2007-2018 can be summarized in three ‘upstream’ measures and three ‘downstream’ ones. Promoting health equity for migrants requires breaking down the silos in which work on migration and on SEP has hitherto been carried out.

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