scholarly journals GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: A STUDY ON ROAD MAP FOR 2017

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nidhi
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Local Council ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxation System

The paper covers the scope of GST and the history of the taxation system in India. The word tax is derived from the Latin word ‘taxare’ meaning, to estimate. “A tax is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority" and is any contribution imposed by government whether under the name of toll, tribute, impost, duty, custom, excise, subsidy, aid, supply, or other name.” Taxes in India are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such as Municipality or Local Council. The paper consists of the demerits of existing taxation system, challenges and opportunities of the GST and the latest amendments with the road map for 2017. With the help of this paper we get the overview of the current amendments and the future efforts to be made in the implementation of GST.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on Shopkeepers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shatakshi Semwal ◽  
Ella Rani ◽  
Vandana Verma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Central Government ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
The Impact

India has got a well-structured and simplified taxation system, where authoritative segregation has been done among the Central government, state governments and local bodies. But with the implementation of GST, the harmonization of tax rules, regulations, rates, processes and procedures across the states was expected to improve the ease of doing business in India. The removal of cascading of taxes and transaction costs associated with inter-state transactions was also expected to encourage investment and therefore, the economic growth of country. With the objective of the impact assessment of Goods and Services Tax on shopkeepers the present study was carried out. The study was conducted in Hisar city of Haryana state where the findings highlighted that shopkeepers had highly increased tax burden and legal compliances, followed by increase in workers hiring capacity and no impact on ease of doing business, no loss and transparency in business. Further, results also showed that there was decrease in profit as they have to pay taxes more than 6 times in a year. With the implementation of GST, shopkeepers were having constraint in filing GST as now is getting a complicated process and due to changing GST rates they were facing high competition amongst the market.

Trends of centre–state relations in India under the neo-liberal regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
State Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Financial Strength

India had been envisioned as a federation by our Constitution makers, and so states were assigned some important subjects in which the centre could have no or only limited authority. Thus state governments run by opposition parties could pursue policies different from those of the Central Government in a number of ways. But since the onset of economic ‘liberalisation’ beginning with the late 1980s the financial strength and economic role of the state governments have been constantly undermined. This came, first, through the raising of interest rates to attract foreign finance capital, which created budgetary crises for the states since they fell under heavy debt simply to pay interest on existing debt. Neo-liberal policies were then imposed on them by Finance Commissions which made compliance with these compulsory for centre’s financial assistance. More recently the states’ powers have been further curtailed by the Goods and Services Tax, which has deprived the state government of the power to determine tax rates on goods produced within the states. Another means to the same end has been the centre’s trade agreements with foreign countries, with no reference made to states whose products thereby may be priced out of the market. The demonetisation of 2016, which impacted so destructively on employment and the cooperative sector in the states, was also undertaken by the centre without any reference to the states.

Analysis of Impact of Goods and Services Tax on Indirect Taxes of Karnataka State

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Basavanagouda Nayaka ◽  
V. P. Panduranga
Keyword(s):  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Taxation Policy ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Roll Out

Socio-economic development of a country depends on the effectiveness of its taxation system. Taxation policies of many countries are undergoing significant change in the winds of globalisation. To cope up with the emerging challenges of globalisation and digitalisation, the taxation policy needs to adapt to reduce the burden on taxpayers and increase the tax base. India has undergone many tax reforms since independence to make the taxation system comprehensive, unique, transparent, simple and broad based. Towards achieving the said objectives, India took the milestone step to introduce Goods and Services Tax (GST), which is considered as a landmark reform in indirect tax regime. GST brought goods and services under one tax net and provided less scope for evasion of taxes. GST is a destination-based consumption tax with the revenue-sharing mechanism between the centre and the states. It ensures that tax revenue is to be attributable to the state in which consumption takes place. This principle, in turn, affected manufacturing states’ (origin states) exchequers. The centre agreed to compensate states on account of the loss of revenues, due to roll out of GST, for first 5 years, with the projected annual growth rate of 14 per cent on a bimonthly basis, keeping 2015–2016 as a base year. An attempt is made in this study to ascertain the current position of tax collections of Karnataka state after 2.5 years of implementation of GST. It is found from the study that registrations, return filing and tax collections are increasing in the GST regime. But there is a delay in providing compensation to states. It will affect the spending of state governments on various welfare activities.

How fast GST is moving the Indian FMCG sector: Empirical Study

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Mr. Arun Gautam ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Lodha ◽  
Dr. Rohit Bansal ◽  
Dr.) M.L. Vadera
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Impact

GST is one of the most critical tax reforms in India which has been long awaiting decision. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of State and Central Governments and whole economy into seamless nation in national market. GST will be a game changing reform for Indian economy by developing a common Indian market and reducing the combined effect of tax on the cost of goods and services. GST is a consumption based tax imposed on sale, manufacturing and consumption on goods & services at national level. Several taxes such as central excise duty, service tax, central surcharge and cess etc. imposed by Central Government and VAT / sales tax, entertainment tax, octroi & entry tax, purchase tax, luxury tax, taxes on lottery etc. levied by State Governments have been subsumed under GST. The FMCG sector of India composes more than 50 % of the food and beverage industry and another 30 % from personal and household care. Under the proposed GST system, it is expected that it would result in a simpler tax system, especially for industries like FMCG. Under this system, a single product would be taxed at the same rate in every corner of the country meaning that an cooler will be taxed the same in Madhya Pradesh as well as Kerala thus we also refer GST as ONE NATION ONE TAX. This paper will help to present that, what is the impact of GST after its implementation; analyze the influence of GST on FMCG sector.

scholarly journals The Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Application of Noncoding RNAs: The Road Map for miRNAs and piRNAs in Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi Krishnan ◽  
Sambasivarao Damaraju
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
The Road ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Discoveries on nonprotein-coding RNAs have induced a paradigm shift in our overall understanding of gene expression and regulation. We now understand that coding and noncoding RNA machinery work in concert to maintain overall homeostasis. Based on their length, noncoding RNAs are broadly classified into two groups—long (>200 nt) and small noncoding RNAs (<200 nt). These RNAs perform diverse functions—gene regulation, splicing, translation, and posttranscriptional modifications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are two classes of small noncoding RNAs that are now classified as master regulators of gene expression. They have also demonstrated clinical significance as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for several diseases, including cancer. Despite these similarities, both these RNAs are generated through contrasting mechanisms, and one of the aims of this review is to cover the distance travelled since their discovery and compare and contrast the various facets of these RNAs. Although these RNAs show tremendous promise as biomarkers, translating the findings from bench to bedside is often met with roadblocks. The second aim of this review therefore is to highlight some of the challenges that hinder application of miRNA and piRNA as in guiding treatment decisions.

The Peace Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-327
Author(s):  
Jerome Slater
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Road ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peace Settlement

The last serious political negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians occurred between 2003 and 2008. The Road Map initiative of 2003 died because Sharon sabotaged it and the Bush administration abandoned it. Sharon’s intransigence also killed the Geneva Accords, a comprehensive two-state peace settlement negotiated between leading Israeli and Palestinian dovish political leaders. Similarly, the Arab Peace Initiative was ignored by Israel. However, the 2008 secret negotiations between Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert and PA president Mahmoud Abbas, apparently came close to success but died when Olmert was replaced by Benjamin Netanyahu. Netanyahu had long history of opposing the creation of a Palestinian state. Although early in his presidency Obama had indicated support for a two-state settlement, he backed down when confronted with Netanyahu’s intransigence rather than risk a conflict not only with Israel but also with the US Congress and the Israeli lobby.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities in promoting health equity for migrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Nordström ◽  
D Ingleby ◽  
S Dias ◽  
J Magnus ◽  
T A Eikemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract Issue What has to be done to achieve health equity for migrants? International bodies have published many weighty declarations and recommendations to this end, but these need to be ordered and synthesised. A recurring theoretical problem is how to disentangle the health effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) and migrant status, in order to develop policies that effectively address both factors. Description of the problem As part of the Policy Framework for Analysis (PFA) for Work Package 7 of the Joint Action on Health Equity Europe (JAHEE), key policy documents between 2007 and 2018 were reviewed to form a ‘Road Map' from which a coherent synthesis was extracted. The PFA also developed a model for conceptualising the joint influence of SEP and migrant status. What is the relationship between these, and what policy approaches does it imply? Results The main recommendations of the ‘Road Map' were summarised in two categories: ‘upstream' measures (data collection and research, governance, and intersectoral action to tackle social determinants of health) and ‘downstream' ones (access to health services, responsiveness to migrants' needs, and attention for vulnerable groups). In the past, ‘upstream' measures have been unduly neglected. According to the proposed model, migrant status can have both direct effects on health and indirect ones that are mediated via SEP. Along the indirect pathways, migrants may suffer from increased exposure and/or increased vulnerability to health threats associated with low SEP. Lessons A high degree of consensus already exists about health inequities affecting migrants and the measures needed to tackle them. The urgent challenge at the moment is to put these conclusions into practice. To this end, there is little point in tackling socioeconomic inequities and those linked to migration and ethnicity as though they had nothing to do with each other. Key messages The recommendations of international bodies on migrant health from 2007-2018 can be summarized in three ‘upstream’ measures and three ‘downstream’ ones. Promoting health equity for migrants requires breaking down the silos in which work on migration and on SEP has hitherto been carried out.

Venomics: integrative venom proteomics and beyond*

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Calvete
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Chance Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Animal Venoms

Venoms are integrated phenotypes that evolved independently in, and are used for predatory and defensive purposes by, a wide phylogenetic range of organisms. The same principles that contribute to the evolutionary success of venoms, contribute to making the study of venoms of great interest in such diverse fields as evolutionary ecology and biotechnology. Evolution is profoundly contingent, and nature also reinvents itself continuosly. Changes in a complex phenotypic trait, such as venom, reflect the influences of prior evolutionary history, chance events, and selection. Reconstructing the natural history of venoms, particularly those of snakes, which will be dealt with in more detail in this review, requires the integration of different levels of knowledge into a meaningful and comprehensive evolutionary framework for separating stochastic changes from adaptive evolution. The application of omics technologies and other disciplines have contributed to a qualitative and quantitative advance in the road map towards this goal. In this review we will make a foray into the world of animal venoms, discuss synergies and complementarities of the different approaches used in their study, and identify current bottlenecks that prevent inferring the evolutionary mechanisms and ecological constraints that molded snake venoms to their present-day variability landscape.

scholarly journals DANA BAGI HASIL (DBH) CUKAI HASIL TEMBAKAU DITINJAU DARI CUKAI ROKOK, KESEHATAN DAN INDUSTRI ROKOK.

Yuridika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Insana Meliya Dwi Cipta Aprila Sari
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Relationship History ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Product Industry

The allocation of Profit-Sharing Fund of Tobacco-Product Duty (DBH-CHT) to regions is a new implemented policy in the relationship history between central government and local government. In the Article 66A – 66D of Act no. 39 2007 regulating such allocation, the fund is profit-shared to local government in order to increase state income from Tobacco-Product Duty as well as to overcome the cigarette effects on health. The Government has already communicated the Road Map of Tobacco-Product Industry 2007-2015 to cigarette manufacturers which leads to the consequence that any terms of legislation related to tobacco-product industry, including DBH CHT, must also contain policy that conforms to the Road Map of Tobacco-Product Industry 2007-2015.Keywords : Profit-Sharing Fund of Tobacco-Product Duty (DBH-CHT), cigarette duty, cigarette industry, health.

Suggestions and Constraints Perceived by Shopkeepers towards Goods and Services Tax

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Shatakshi Semwal ◽  
Ella Rani ◽  
Vandana Verma
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Taxation System

The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented on July 1, 2017 is regarded as a major taxation reform till date implementedin India since independence. The primary objective behind development of GST was to subsume number of indirect taxes under one umbrella which simplifies taxation system for service and commodity businesses. GST was expected to convey various advantages to economy as an indirect tax and simplifies the workload of shopkeepers but it resulted in lack of clarity and time consuming process. With this assumption, study was planned to find out the constraints faced by shopkeepers and suggestions given by them regarding the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST). The study was carried out purposively in Hisar city of Haryana State, where, thirty shopkeepers from five respective section were selected i.e. Foods, Clothing and Textiles, Electrical appliances, Medical and Cosmetics and Communication and Transportation; thus making total sample of 150 respondents. Results from data inferred that majority of the respondent’s complained that filing GST has been more complicated now, there is increased tax compliance, high competition faced by shopkeepers and changing tax rate slabs by the central government is confusing them and making it difficult to understand the process. Furthermore, majority of the shopkeepers also suggested that there should be reduction of legal formalities, tax should be collected by the government at the manufacturing level itself and they don’t have to file for returns at later stages. They also suggested that registration should be there for all the traders and service providers with exemptions for small scale suppliers from collecting and remitting GST and casual trade category should be abolished.

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