The State of the Art in International Democracy Promotion: Results of a Joint European-North American Research Network

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Schraeder
Author(s):  
Julia Leininger

Studying democracy promotion has become a field of transformation research. It focuses on the interaction between domestic and international factors of democratic transformation. It is a young field of research which has diversified substantively since its beginnings in the mid-1990s. This chapter gives an overview of the state of the art of research on democracy promotion. It outlines common conceptions of democracy promotion and addresses the challenges of measuring international and transnational support for democracy. While a theory of democracy promotion is still missing, this chapter presents empirical problems with democracy promotion and introduces research approaches that are suitable to address them. Finally, the chapter concludes with an outlook on the needs of future research on democracy promotion.


2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay Mcshane

This article attempts to determine the state of the art in American urban history by looking at 1) the frequency with which books are used in syllabi, 2) the contents of the Journal of Urban History for the last five years, 3) the topics of books awarded prizes by the Urban History Association, and 4) the number of libraries that hold copies of the leading books in the field. The conclusions note a loss of influence by such writers as Mumford, Caro, and Warner, a continuation of the emphasis on narrow, modern time periods, and a general decline in the importance of the field. Comments by Timothy Gilfoyle and Carl Abbott contest the latter conclusion.


1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sasaki

Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI), a leading shipbuilder in Japan, has uniquely exported shipbuilding technology throughout the world for three decades. North American efforts, starting in the mid-1970's, were stimulated by the U.S. Government/industry National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP). The technology transfer, for which the U.S. Maritime Administration deserves much credit, has significantly modernized and improved U.S. shipbuilding systems with carryover into naval shipyard operations for overhaul of all types of warships. But, productivity levels achieved thus far in the United States, while impressive, are not nearly as great as those in Japan. This paper is based on analyses of the underlying differences of shipbuilding systems, technology, and practices between those in Japan and in the United States. It is hoped that descriptions of the state-of-the-art IHI technology will serve as guidance for further productivity improvements in the United States.


Author(s):  
T. A. Welton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.


2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Amsel
Keyword(s):  

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 479-480
Author(s):  
LEWIS PETRINOVICH
Keyword(s):  

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
Anthony R. D'Augelli

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
John A. Corson
Keyword(s):  

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