Cannabis Use in Psychotic Patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sati Sembhi ◽  
Joseph W.Y. Lee

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the level of cannabis use in psychotic patients admitted to two acute admission wards in New Zealand. Symptomatology was investigated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Method: During a 1-month period, all acute admissions to Tokanui Hospital with psychosis were interviewed and symptoms rated on the BPRS (n = 35). Cannabis use was recorded with a questionnaire and urine test. Those positive for cannabis were compared to those negative. Results: Thirty patients (86%) had tried cannabis at least once and 11 (31%) were positive on urine screen. Those with positive urine tests were significantly more likely to use cannabis most days (p < 0.001). This positive urine test group was less likely to be thought disordered, suspicious or deluded (as measured by the BPRS). Conclusions: Cannabis use was widespread in this sample of patients with psychosis and may affect their symptomatology. Larger studies are needed to examine these associations in more detail.

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (09) ◽  
pp. 1574-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Valerie Curran ◽  
Chandni Hindocha ◽  
Celia J. A. Morgan ◽  
Natacha Shaban ◽  
Ravi K. Das ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundChanges in cannabis regulation globally make it increasingly important to determine what predicts an individual's risk of experiencing adverse drug effects. Relevant studies have used diverse self-report measures of cannabis use, and few include multiple biological measures. Here we aimed to determine which biological and self-report measures of cannabis use predict cannabis dependency and acute psychotic-like symptoms.MethodIn a naturalistic study, 410 young cannabis users were assessed once when intoxicated with their own cannabis and once when drug-free in counterbalanced order. Biological measures of cannabinoids [(Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC),cannabidiol(CBD),cannabinol(CBN) and their metabolites)] were derived from three samples: each participant's own cannabis (THC, CBD), a sample of their hair (THC, THC-OH, THC-COOH, CBN, CBD) and their urine (THC-COOH/creatinine). Comprehensive self-report measures were also obtained. Self-reported and clinician-rated assessments were taken for cannabis dependency [Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), DSM-IV-TR] and acute psychotic-like symptoms [Psychotomimetic State Inventory (PSI) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)].ResultsCannabis dependency was positively associated with days per month of cannabis use on both measures, and with urinary THC-COOH/creatinine for the SDS. Acute psychotic-like symptoms were positively associated with age of first cannabis use and negatively with urinary THC-COOH/creatinine; no predictors emerged for BPRS.ConclusionsLevels of THC exposure are positively associated with both cannabis dependency and tolerance to the acute psychotic-like effects of cannabis. Combining urinary and self-report assessments (use frequency; age first used) enhances the measurement of cannabis use and its association with adverse outcomes.


2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Richard T. Katz

Abstract The author, who is the editor of the Mental and Behavioral Disorders chapter of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, comments on the previous article, Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches in this issue of The Guides Newsletter. The new Mental and Behavioral Disorders (M&BD) chapter, like others in the AMA Guides, is a consensus opinion of many authors and thus reflects diverse points of view. Psychiatrists and psychologists continue to struggle with diagnostic taxonomies within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but anxiety, depression, and psychosis are three unequivocal areas of mental illness for which the sixth edition of the AMA Guides provides M&BD impairment rating. Two particular challenges faced the authors of the chapter: how could M&BD disorders be rated (and yet avoid an onslaught of attorney requests for an M&BD rating in conjunction with every physical impairment), and what should be the maximal impairment rating for a mental illness. The sixth edition uses three scales—the Psychiatric Impairment Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Function, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—after careful review of a wide variety of indices. The AMA Guides remains a work in progress, but the authors of the M&BD chapter have taken an important step toward providing a reasonable method for estimating impairment.


1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Monique de Bonis ◽  
Paul de Boeck ◽  
Marie-Odile Lebeaux

RésuméLe présent travail comporte une critique de la méthodologie employée pour définir une typologie des schizophrènes et une étude empirique de la distinction entre forme productive et forme déficitaire.Après avoir souligné que les études factorielles visant l’identification de deux types de schizophrènes reposaient sur des choix méthodologiques discutables: recherche de corrélations entre variables, alors qu’il s’agit de découvrir des corrélations entre sujets; préférence pour des relations symétriques, alors que les liaisons sont probablement d’ordre asymétrique, les auteurs présentent deux études empiriques.La première réalisée sur un échantillon de 99 schizophrènes s’appuie sur la factorisation des estimations de la symptomatologie (BPRS* á 42 items) à l’aide de la méthode factorielle en plan Q et d’une analyse des correspondances. La seconde a porté sur un sous-échantillon de 52 schizophrènes à l’aide d’une nouvelle méthode d’analyse hiérarchique (HICLAS). Les résultats de ces analyses aboutissent aux conclusions suivantes. Les résultats des analyses factorielles montrent: • qu’il existe plus de deux formes de schizophrènie et qu’à l’intérieur des classes formées par les individus l’opposition déficitaire -productif est stable quelle que soit la métrique utilisée; • que cette opposition repose principalement, pour ce qui est de la forme déficitaire sur 3 symptômes: l’émoussement affectif, le retrait affectif et le ralentissement, et pour ce qui est de la forme productive sur l’humeur expansive, l’attitude manipulatoire, l’excitation, la dramatisation et la labilit émotionnelle; • que contrairement aux travaux antérieurs ni les hallucinations ni la désorganisation conceptuelle ne permettent d’établir la différence entre les deux groupes de malades sans doute parce qu’elles sont communes à tous les schizophrènes; • qu’il n’y a pas de correspondance entre les diagnostics cliniques et les formes décrites; et, • que les malades les plus déficitaires (situés aux extrêmités du pole factoriel) se différencient des malades productifs essentiellement par des variables liées au sexe (plus d’hommes que de femmes dans le premier cas), un statut marital de célibat plus fréquent, et des antécédents psychiatriques plus importants. Les résultats des analyses factorielles soulignent d’une part que les types mixtes sont plus fréquents que les types purs et, d’autre part qu’il suffit de moins de 10 symptômes pour réaliser une opposition satisfaisante entre forme productive et forme déficitaire (Tableau 3, figure 1).Toutes ces conclusions sont valables aussi pour l’analyse hiérarchique. Mais de plus, cette méthode permet d’individualiser un groupe de malades “purs” dans la forme déficitaire seulement, groupe disjoint des autres individus sur la base d’un très petit nombre de symptômes. A côté de ces types purs figurent des types mixtes, qui possédent à la fois des symptômes déficitaires et des symptômes productifs suivant des combinaisons hiérarchiques précises, c’est-à-dire avec une dominance de l’une ou de l’autre forme. Il existe aussi des formes résiduelles dans lesquelles aucune hiérarchie ne peut être mise au jour (Tableau 4).En conclusion on a insisté, outre les problèmes méthodologiques négligés dans les précédentes recherches, sur l’existence d’une dissymétrie entre la forme déficitaire et la forme productive, dans la mesure où c’est seulement la forme déficitaire qui présente une grande singularité et sur l’importance des symptômes liés à la vie affective et à son appauvrissement qui ont un pouvoir discriminatif plus élevé que les symptômes productifs.*BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale


1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-A. Gagné ◽  
Hugues Cormier ◽  
Gérard Leblanc ◽  
Daniel Lévesque ◽  
Thérèse Di Paolo

A radioreceptor assay (RRA) was used to determine the neuroleptic plasma levels of 32 outpatients with schizophrenia receiving a high dose of neuroleptics (the equivalent of 18 mg or more of oral haloperidol per day) and undergoing a 50% partial and progressive reduction (ten percent each month for five months) in their medication. Plasma levels of neuroleptics were measured three times: before (T1) and immediately after the 50% reduction (T2) and five months later (T3). A linear correlation was observed between neuroleptic plasma levels obtained by RRA and the neuroleptic doses prescribed at T1 and T3. Furthermore, neuroleptic plasma levels were significantly lower at T3 than at T1. Concurrent evaluations of psychopathology were done using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and the results indicated that no correlation exists between neuroleptic plasma levels and the total rating scale scores at T1 but a significant correlation was observed at T3.


1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Leblanc ◽  
Hugues Cormier ◽  
Marie-Andrée Gagné ◽  
Sylvie Vaillancourt

This paper presents an open study which evaluated the clinical effects of a partial and progressive reduction in neuroleptic medication in 32 outpatients suffering from schizophrenia who were receiving high doses (equivalent of ≥ 18 mg of oral haloperidol per day; EHL). After an observation period of twelve weeks, each subject's dose of neuroleptics was reduced by 50% at the rate of 10% every four weeks. Patients were receiving a mean of 62 mg per day EHL at the beginning of the study and 30 mg per day EHL at the completion of the study. After the reduction, the following was observed: 1. a significant but modest change in psychopathology: a decrease in negative symptoms and in the total score on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; and 2. a significant increase in tardive dyskinesia symptoms. Six subjects relapsed but five of them recovered without increasing their reduced medication. Results of this study are discussed in the context of trying to find a minimal maintenance dose in the treatment of schizophrenia. The relative paucity of change despite a large reduction in medication argues for réévaluation of dosage in patients on high or very high doses of neuroleptics. The results suggest that many patients taking high doses could be maintained on significantly lower doses of neuroleptics. With gradual reduction of medication it would seem that many patients who are receiving a high dose of neuroleptic can achieve a lower dose than their current maintenance level.


1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Abraham ◽  
P. Kulhara

The efficacy of ECT was investigated in a double-blind trial. Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia received trifluoperazine and were randomly allocated to receive eight real or eight simulated ECTs. In the first eight weeks, the group receiving real ECTs showed significantly more improvement as measured on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. However, the groups showed no significant differences from the twelfth week onwards. The superiority of real ECT was not confirmed at the end of six months.


1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Andersen ◽  
J.K. Larsen ◽  
V. Schultz ◽  
B.M. Nielsen ◽  
A. K&oslash;rner ◽  
...  

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 692-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thomas ◽  
G. Katsabouris ◽  
N. Bouras

This exploratory study assessed staff perceptions to the reduction of maintenance neuroleptic medication in patients with chronic schizophrenia living in a long-stay hospital. Ten in-patients were assessed at regular times over six months. In addition to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), data were obtained from nursing staff on patients' ward behaviour (Ward Behaviour Interview Schedule, WBIS), clinical global opinion (CGI) and staff reaction (SR) to the reduction of medication plan. The average decrease of BPRS and WBIS was not related to keyworker's clinical global impression. The SR increased against the reduction of medication over the study period (P<0.05). Staff perceptions in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia and their possible influence on prescribed closes should be taken into consideration in addition to psychopathology and clinical symptoms.


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