The Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Abraham ◽  
P. Kulhara
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
To Receive

The efficacy of ECT was investigated in a double-blind trial. Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia received trifluoperazine and were randomly allocated to receive eight real or eight simulated ECTs. In the first eight weeks, the group receiving real ECTs showed significantly more improvement as measured on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. However, the groups showed no significant differences from the twelfth week onwards. The superiority of real ECT was not confirmed at the end of six months.

Treatment of Acute Mania with Ambient Air Anionization: Variants of Climactic Heat Stress and Serotonin Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James Giannini ◽  
Steven Melemis ◽  
Jocelyn D. Giannini ◽  
Juliette N. Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

High concentrations of ambient anions (O2−) were used to augment treatment for 20 acutely manic male patients. Anions were produced by an anion generator in a sealed room. A double-blind crossover design was used, and responses were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale by 2 blinded raters. This produced a significant antimanic effect: total rating scores declined with anion treatment. Presham and postsham total scores for these 5 were 31.3 and 31.6, respectively. Pretreatment and posttreatment total scores were 31.6 and 26.3, respectively. Previous research indicates a role for serotonin in producing this antimanic effect.

scholarly journals Electroconvulsive therapy in Parkinson´s disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 856-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Calderón-Fajardo ◽  
Amin Cervantes-Arriaga ◽  
Rodrigo Llorens-Arenas ◽  
Jesús Ramírez-Bermudez ◽  
Ángel Ruiz-Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Scale Reduction ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Purpose To analyze the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy for the management of depression and/or psychosis refractory to drug therapy in patients with Parkinson disease.Methods A retrospective study was carried out including patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy during the period between 2002 and 2013. A review of the literature was performed.Results A total of 27 patients were included. In regards to the neuropsychiatric diagnosis, 14 patients had major depression, 12 patients had both psychosis and depression, and only one patient had isolated psychosis. The mean number of electroconvulsive therapy sessions was 12 ± 2.8. After electroconvulsive therapy, all patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the Brief Psychiatric Rating scale (reduction of 52% points) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (reduction of 50% points) independent of the presence of psychosis, depression or both.Conclusion Electroconvulsive therapy is effective for the treatment of refractory neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals Correlation between Post-Acute Electroconvulsive Therapy Alpha-Band Spectrum Power Increase and Improvement of Psychiatric Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Iwanaga ◽  
Takefumi Ueno ◽  
Naoya Oribe ◽  
Manabu Hashimoto ◽  
Jun Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Band Spectrum ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

The results of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) studies on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been inconsistent, and indicators of the efficacy of ECT have not been clearly identified. In this study, we examined whether qEEG could be used as an indicator of the effect of ECT by measuring it during the course of treatment. We analyzed qEEG data before and after acute-phase ECT in 18 patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, and other psychiatric disorders. We processed the qEEG data and compared the spectral power between the data acquired before and after ECT. The spectral power increased significantly after ECT in the delta, theta, and alpha bands. There was a strong significant correlation between the increase in the spectral power of the alpha band after acute ECT and improvement in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score. Our results suggest that an increase in the alpha-band spectral power may be useful as an objective indicator of the treatment effect of acute ECT.

Lithium Continuation Therapy Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coppen ◽  
M. T. Abou-Saleh ◽  
P. Milln ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
M. Metcalfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Continuation Therapy ◽  
One Year ◽  
To Receive

SummaryThirty-eight depressed patients who were treated with ECT were randomly assigned to receive lithium therapy or identical-looking placebo tablets for one year after clinical recovery in a double-blind trial. The patients who received placebo tablets spent an average of 7.8 weeks with an episode of depression (either as in-patients or day-patients) during the year. In comparison, patients who received lithium spent on average 1.7 weeks with an episode (P <0.02). The trial confirms the high rate of relapses after ECT and suggests that lithium considerably reduces this morbidity. It is suggested that ECT without continuation therapy is not a satisfactory treatment of depressive illness.

Loxapine versus Thioridazine in the Treatment of Organic Psychosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Versiani ◽  
J A R da Silva ◽  
F D Mundim
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Observation Scale ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

Two double-blind trials comparing loxapine and thioridazine were conducted in hospitalized adult males diagnosed as having symptoms of chronic psychosis associated with organic brain syndrome or mental retardation. The drugs were administered orally in the ranges of loxapine 10–150 mg/day and thioridazine 150–750 mg/day for 13 weeks. In the first trial loxapine was found to be generally superior to thioridazine on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Nurses Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation and Clinical Global Impression. The second trial failed to confirm this superiority. The heterogeneity of diagnostic categories included may explain the discrepancy. Extra-pyramidal symptoms and sedative effects were common to both groups and consistent with the pharmacologic profiles of the study drugs.

Double Blind Trial of L-Dopa in Chronic Schizophrenia

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Buchanan ◽  
R. V. Parton ◽  
J. W. Warren ◽  
E. P. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Neuroleptic Medication ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Receive

A double blind study in 28 patients with chronic schizophrenia was carried out comparing L-dopa (up to 1250 mgm daily) with placebo (both groups continuing to receive regular neuroleptic medication) over a six week period. Assessments by the psychiatrists and psychologist using Rockland and Pollin Rating Scale showed differential improvement of insignificant proportions but the nurse's ratings showed clearly significant improvement in the subject group.

Single i.v. ketamine augmentation of newly initiated escitalopram for major depression: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled 4-week study

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-D. Hu ◽  
Y.-T. Xiang ◽  
J.-X. Fang ◽  
S. Zu ◽  
S. Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

BackgroundWhile oral antidepressants reach efficacy after weeks, single-dose intravenous (i.v.) ketamine has rapid, yet time-limited antidepressant effects. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of single-dose i.v. ketamine augmentation of escitalopram in major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodThirty outpatients with severe MDD (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score ⩾24) were randomized to 4 weeks double-blind treatment with escitalopram 10 mg/day+single-dose i.v. ketamine (0.5 mg/kg over 40 min) or escitalopram 10 mg/day + placebo (0.9% i.v. saline). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self-Report (QIDS-SR). Suicidal ideation was evaluated with the QIDS-SR item 12. Adverse psychopathological effects were measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)-positive symptoms, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Patients were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 24 and 72 h and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Time to response (⩾50% MADRS score reduction) was the primary outcome.ResultsBy 4 weeks, more escitalopram + ketamine-treated than escitalopram + placebo-treated patients responded (92.3% v. 57.1%, p = 0.04) and remitted (76.9% v. 14.3%, p = 0.001), with significantly shorter time to response [hazard ratio (HR) 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.22, p < 0.001] and remission (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.63, p = 0.01). Compared to escitalopram + placebo, escitalopram + ketamine was associated with significantly lower MADRS scores from 2 h to 2 weeks [(peak = 3 days–2 weeks; effect size (ES) = 1.08–1.18)], QIDS-SR scores from 2 h to 2 weeks (maximum ES = 1.27), and QIDS-SR suicidality from 2 to 72 h (maximum ES = 2.24). Only YMRS scores increased significantly with ketamine augmentation (1 and 2 h), without significant BPRS or CADSS elevation.ConclusionsSingle-dose i.v. ketamine augmentation of escitalopram was safe and effective in severe MDD, holding promise for speeding up early oral antidepressant efficacy.

Commentary

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Richard T. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract The author, who is the editor of the Mental and Behavioral Disorders chapter of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, comments on the previous article, Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches in this issue of The Guides Newsletter. The new Mental and Behavioral Disorders (M&BD) chapter, like others in the AMA Guides, is a consensus opinion of many authors and thus reflects diverse points of view. Psychiatrists and psychologists continue to struggle with diagnostic taxonomies within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but anxiety, depression, and psychosis are three unequivocal areas of mental illness for which the sixth edition of the AMA Guides provides M&BD impairment rating. Two particular challenges faced the authors of the chapter: how could M&BD disorders be rated (and yet avoid an onslaught of attorney requests for an M&BD rating in conjunction with every physical impairment), and what should be the maximal impairment rating for a mental illness. The sixth edition uses three scales—the Psychiatric Impairment Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Function, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—after careful review of a wide variety of indices. The AMA Guides remains a work in progress, but the authors of the M&BD chapter have taken an important step toward providing a reasonable method for estimating impairment.

Problèmes méthodologiques posés par la classification des formes de schizophrénie: recherche de corrélations ou de relations d'appartenance?

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Monique de Bonis ◽  
Paul de Boeck ◽  
Marie-Odile Lebeaux
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

RésuméLe présent travail comporte une critique de la méthodologie employée pour définir une typologie des schizophrènes et une étude empirique de la distinction entre forme productive et forme déficitaire.Après avoir souligné que les études factorielles visant l’identification de deux types de schizophrènes reposaient sur des choix méthodologiques discutables: recherche de corrélations entre variables, alors qu’il s’agit de découvrir des corrélations entre sujets; préférence pour des relations symétriques, alors que les liaisons sont probablement d’ordre asymétrique, les auteurs présentent deux études empiriques.La première réalisée sur un échantillon de 99 schizophrènes s’appuie sur la factorisation des estimations de la symptomatologie (BPRS* á 42 items) à l’aide de la méthode factorielle en plan Q et d’une analyse des correspondances. La seconde a porté sur un sous-échantillon de 52 schizophrènes à l’aide d’une nouvelle méthode d’analyse hiérarchique (HICLAS). Les résultats de ces analyses aboutissent aux conclusions suivantes. Les résultats des analyses factorielles montrent: • qu’il existe plus de deux formes de schizophrènie et qu’à l’intérieur des classes formées par les individus l’opposition déficitaire -productif est stable quelle que soit la métrique utilisée; • que cette opposition repose principalement, pour ce qui est de la forme déficitaire sur 3 symptômes: l’émoussement affectif, le retrait affectif et le ralentissement, et pour ce qui est de la forme productive sur l’humeur expansive, l’attitude manipulatoire, l’excitation, la dramatisation et la labilit émotionnelle; • que contrairement aux travaux antérieurs ni les hallucinations ni la désorganisation conceptuelle ne permettent d’établir la différence entre les deux groupes de malades sans doute parce qu’elles sont communes à tous les schizophrènes; • qu’il n’y a pas de correspondance entre les diagnostics cliniques et les formes décrites; et, • que les malades les plus déficitaires (situés aux extrêmités du pole factoriel) se différencient des malades productifs essentiellement par des variables liées au sexe (plus d’hommes que de femmes dans le premier cas), un statut marital de célibat plus fréquent, et des antécédents psychiatriques plus importants. Les résultats des analyses factorielles soulignent d’une part que les types mixtes sont plus fréquents que les types purs et, d’autre part qu’il suffit de moins de 10 symptômes pour réaliser une opposition satisfaisante entre forme productive et forme déficitaire (Tableau 3, figure 1).Toutes ces conclusions sont valables aussi pour l’analyse hiérarchique. Mais de plus, cette méthode permet d’individualiser un groupe de malades “purs” dans la forme déficitaire seulement, groupe disjoint des autres individus sur la base d’un très petit nombre de symptômes. A côté de ces types purs figurent des types mixtes, qui possédent à la fois des symptômes déficitaires et des symptômes productifs suivant des combinaisons hiérarchiques précises, c’est-à-dire avec une dominance de l’une ou de l’autre forme. Il existe aussi des formes résiduelles dans lesquelles aucune hiérarchie ne peut être mise au jour (Tableau 4).En conclusion on a insisté, outre les problèmes méthodologiques négligés dans les précédentes recherches, sur l’existence d’une dissymétrie entre la forme déficitaire et la forme productive, dans la mesure où c’est seulement la forme déficitaire qui présente une grande singularité et sur l’importance des symptômes liés à la vie affective et à son appauvrissement qui ont un pouvoir discriminatif plus élevé que les symptômes productifs.*BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

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