DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS OF EMBOLI (CLOT) IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS OF PATIENTS BY ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS

A new approach to solving matrix problems in x-ray fluorescence analysis of trace elements has been applied to the determination of bromine in saline waters and zinc in silicates. The method requires no prior knowledge of the chemical composition of the sample. Marked matrix effects are minimized by dilution, and the problem of variable backgrounds due to residual matrix effects is solved by using a slope-ratio technique. In this proposed technique, the slope of a standard curve prepared from pure solutions is compared with that of spiked samples. The ratio of the slopes of these two curves permits the calculation of an adjusted background which does not significantly differ from that of an absorbent impregnated with the sample matrix free of the element sought. Experimental parameters concerning the technique are presented. The excellent agreement of the zinc and bromine data with analytical results obtained by more conventional methods suggests that the technique can be used for the determination of other trace constituents in geologic materials. Application of the slope-ratio technique to other modes of instrumental analysis appears feasible.

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Simultaneous determination of trace elements in lavage fluids from human bronchial alveoli by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence. 1: Technique and determination of the normal reference interval.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/31.4.551 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 551-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E A Maier ◽

F Rastegar ◽

R Heimburger ◽

C Ruch ◽

A Pelletier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Polypropylene Film ◽

Internal Standards ◽

X Ray ◽

Large Numbers

Abstract We have applied energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence to the analysis of broncho-alveolar lavage fluids, to determine the concentration of several elements simultaneously with manipulation of the sample minimized. A 20-microL sample of a homogenized lavage fluid, to which two internal standards (containing Y and V) have been added, is deposited on a polypropylene film, 4 microns in thickness, and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence. We report the analytical procedure, the detection limits, and the reproducibility. The normal concentration range for trace elements is reported for a selected population. The simplicity and rapidity of the method, and the possibility of automating measurements, make this procedure suitable for screening large numbers of lavage specimens and to establish the diagnosis of some pneumoconioses.

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Simultaneous determination of trace elements in lavage fluids from human bronchial alveoli by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence. 3. Routine analysis.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/33.12.2234 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 2234-2239 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E A Maier ◽

A Dietemann-Molard ◽

F Rastegar ◽

R Heimburger ◽

C Ruch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Occupational Exposure ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Normal Values ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Fluorescence Technique ◽

X Ray ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Number Of Cells

Abstract We applied the energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence technique to determination of trace elements in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Our analysis of more than 200 samples allowed us to determine normal reference values, to be used in characterizing occupational exposure. These values are expressed both in nanograms per 1000 cells (of all kinds) and nanograms per 1000 macrophages to correlate lavage efficiency and dust content of the alveoli. The result expressed in milligrams per liter is not sufficient, because some healthy volunteers showed high concentrations of iron but normal values when expressed vs the number of cells. Some examples of abnormal compositions of broncho-alveolar lavages are reported and the fully automated spectrometer developed for clinical and biological investigations is described.

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