Ecosystem Services: Land Systems Approach

2014 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Richard Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Land Systems

scholarly journals A farming systems approach to linking agricultural policies with biodiversity and ecosystem services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L Santos ◽  
Francisco Moreira ◽  
Paulo F Ribeiro ◽  
Maria J Canadas ◽  
Ana Novais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Policies

scholarly journals The development of the concept of ecosystem services: A review of foreign Publications

2015 ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Konyushkov
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Valuation Of Ecosystem Services ◽  
Number Of Publications

Foreign publications devoted to the problems of determination and valuation of ecosystem services and their practical application in planning economic activities are under review. This direction of studies is being rapidly developed. It was clearly shaped after the global Millennium Ecosystem Assessment performed in 2005 on the initiative of the United Nations. In the recent decade, this direction has got an official status; specialized journals have been founded; regular conferences and workshops have been conducted. The number of publications in this field has increased considerably. The contribution of soil scientists to the valuation of ecosystem services remains modest. It is argued that the assessment and valuation of the ecosystem services of soils is a promising direction for soil science. Ecosystem services are subdivided into the groups of provisional, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. The latter group is considered the natural basis ensuring the efficient performance of other ecosystem services with their direct or indirect impact on human well-being. The assessment of ecosystem services implies three major directions: ecological, economic (monetary), and social. For each of the groups of ecosystem services, specific methods of their economic valuation are applied. Thus, provisional services are mainly assessed according to their market values. The contribution of provisional services to the total value of ecosystem services is relatively small. Regulating services are often estimated by the avoided cost and replacement cost methods, and cultural services (recreation, inspiration source, aesthetic value, spiritual value) are valued by the travel cost method. The methods of nonmarketable valuation are essentially based on the willingness-to-pay approach. Upon valuation of ecosystem services at the local level, a systems approach should be applied; it is necessary to taken into account cooperation bonus obtained by the particular stakeholders. It should also be noted that the removal of additional pressures from ecosystems in a given place might result in the increase of the anthropogenic loads on ecosystems in other places. The separation, mapping, and valuation of ecosystem services are performed with an ultimate goal to ensure sustainable development of the society and human well-being. The ecological and economic approaches in this field are actually aimed at strengthening of the role of market mechanisms in the environmental protection policy.

scholarly journals LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF TREE ATTRIBUTES UNDERPINS SPECIES SELECTION ON COFFEE FARMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
GENEVIEVE LAMOND ◽  
LINDSEY SANDBROOK ◽  
ANJA GASSNER ◽  
FERGUS L. SINCLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Crown Density

SUMMARYThe extent to which coffee agroforestry systems provide ecosystem services depends on local context and management practices. There is a paucity of information about how and why farmers manage their coffee farms in the way that they do and the local knowledge that underpins this. The present research documents local agro-ecological knowledge from a coffee growing region within the vicinity of the Aberdare Forest Reserve in Central Kenya. Knowledge was acquired from over 60 coffee farmers in a purposive sample, using a knowledge-based systems approach, and tested with a stratified random sample of 125 farmers using an attribute ranking survey. Farmers had varying degrees of explanatory knowledge about how trees affected provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. Trees were described as suitable or unsuitable for growing with coffee according to tree attributes such as crown density and spread, root depth and spread, growth rate and their economic benefit. Farmers were concerned that too high a level of shade and competition for water and nutrients would decrease coffee yields, but they were also interested in diversifying production from their coffee farms to include fruits, timber, firewood and other tree products as a response to fluctuating coffee prices. A range of trees were maintained in coffee plots and along their boundaries but most were at very low abundances. Promoting tree diversity rather than focussing on one or two high value exotic species represents a change of approach for extension systems, the coffee industry and farmers alike, but is important if the coffee dominated landscapes of the region are to retain their tree species richness and the resilience this confers.

scholarly journals Geomorphology and sedimentology of surging glaciers: a land-systems approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J.A. Evans ◽  
Brice R. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
System Model ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Streams ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Land System ◽  
Land Systems ◽  
Ice Sheet Dynamics ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

AbstractThe identification of surging glaciers and ice streams in glaciated landscapes is of major importance to the understanding of ice-sheet dynamics and for reconstructing ice sheets and climate. No single landform or diagnostic criterion has yet been found with which to identify surging glaciers. A surging-glacier land-system model is constructed using observations and measurements from contemporary surging-glacier snouts in Iceland, Svalbard, U.S.A. and Canada for differentiating ancient surging margins from other non-surging palaeoglaciers. This integrates the suite of landforms, sediments and stratigraphy produced at surging-glacier margins. Landforms produced during surging include thrust moraines, concertina eskers and subglacial crevasse-squeeze ridges. Sedimentary sequences are usually characterized by multiple stacked diamictons and stratified interbeds, which display severe glaciotectonic contortion and faulting. Hummocky moraine, comprising interbedded stratified sediments and mass-flow diamictons, has also been associated with surge margins where large quantities of supraglacial and englacial debris entrained during the surge event have melted out in situ. An example of the application of the land-system model is presented for east-central Alberta, Canada. A surging palaeo-ice stream is identified within this part of the southwestern Laurentide ice sheet, where thrust-block moraines, crevasse-squeeze ridges, flutings, hummocky moraine and glaciotectonized sediments are juxtaposed.

Advances in Quaternary studies and geomorphology in Scotland: implications for geoconservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. GORDON ◽  
Vanessa BRAZIER ◽  
Jim D. HANSOM ◽  
Alan WERRITTY
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Dynamic Landscapes ◽  
Land Systems

ABSTRACTQuaternary deposits and landforms are an integral component of Scotland's geodiversity and natural heritage with intrinsic, scientific, educational, cultural, aesthetic and ecological values. Their conservation is founded on the assessment and safeguard of key protected areas principally for their scientific values. The evaluation of site networks for Quaternary deposits and landforms (including glacial, fluvial, coastal, mass movement, karst and cave features) has evolved since the late 1940s, culminating in the Great Britain Geological Conservation Review (GCR) site assessments undertaken principally between 1977 and the early 1990s. Significant scientific progress since then has arisen, for example, from re-investigation of existing sites and discoveries of new sites, developments in geochronology and the formulation and application of new concepts and models. Both the GCR site lists and the supporting site documentation now require updating in the light of this progress. Today there is greater emphasis on the wider, non-scientific values of geoconservation including, for example, on ecosystem services, links with biodiversity and cultural heritage, geotourism and the benefits for human health and wellbeing through improved understanding of dynamic landscapes, climate change and natural hazards. Involvement of wider public support beyond the geoscience community and fostering better integration of geoheritage within the developing nature conservation agenda, including a land systems approach, protected area planning and management, natural capital and connecting people and nature, will help further to protect our Quaternary geoheritage.

scholarly journals A social-ecological systems approach for the assessment of ecosystem services from beef production in the Canadian prairie

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 101172
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Pogue ◽  
Roland Kröbel ◽  
H. Henry Janzen ◽  
Aklilu W. Alemu ◽  
Karen A. Beauchemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological

scholarly journals A Systems-Based Approach to Ecosystem Services Valuation of Various Atmospheric Calcium Deposition Flows

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mikhailova ◽  
Christopher Post ◽  
Mark Schlautman ◽  
Garth Groshans ◽  
Michael Cope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
National Atmospheric Deposition Program ◽  
State Region

Atmospheric resources are very important for assessing ecosystem services at different administrative levels (e.g., state, region, etc.). Quantification of atmospheric calcium (Ca2+) deposition on the total basis provides incomplete information about the ecosystem services flows (both “natural” and “human-derived”), therefore lacking a systems approach to guide sustainable management of the flows which support many ecosystem services. This study assessed the value of wet, dry, and total atmospheric calcium deposition flows in the contiguous United States (U.S.) by different spatial aggregation levels (e.g., state, region) using information from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NRSP-3) and commodity prices of human-derived materials: agricultural limestone (CaCO3) and uncalcined gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O). The total provisioning ecosystem value of atmospheric calcium deposition flows was $66.7M (i.e., 66.7 million U.S. dollars) ($30M wet + $36.7M dry) based on an average 2014 price of $10.42 per U.S. ton of agricultural limestone (CaCO3) or nearly $364M ($164M wet + $200M dry) based on an average 2014 price of $33.00 per U.S. ton gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O). The quantified spatial distribution of wet, dry, and total atmospheric calcium deposition could be used to identify areas with opportunities for more efficient use of “human-derived” materials since they are already being supplied by atmospheric deposition.

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