scholarly journals Interactions between Germ Cells and Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins during Migration and Gonad Assembly in the Mouse Embryo

1997 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín I. García-Castro ◽  
Robert Anderson ◽  
Janet Heasman ◽  
Christopher Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Combinatorial Mechanism ◽  
Cell Surface Proteoglycan ◽  
Strength Of Adhesion

Cells are known to bind to individual extracellular matrix glycoproteins in a complex and poorly understood way. Overall strength of adhesion is thought to be mediated by a combinatorial mechanism, involving adhesion of a cell to a variety of binding sites on the target glycoproteins. During migration in embryos, cells must alter their overall adhesiveness to the substrate to allow locomotion. The mechanism by which this is accomplished is not well understood. During early development, the cells destined to form the gametes, the primordial germ cells (PGCs), migrate from the developing hind gut to the site where the gonad will form. We have used whole-mount immunocytochemistry to study the changing distribution of three extracellular matrix glycoproteins, collagen IV, fibronectin, and laminin, during PGC migration and correlated this with quantitative assays of adhesiveness of PGCs to each of these. We show that PGCs change their strength of adhesion to each glycoprotein differentially during these stages. Furthermore, we show that PGCs interact with a discrete tract of laminin at the end of migration. Closer analysis of the adhesion of PGCs to laminin revealed that PGCs adhere particularly strongly to the E3 domain of laminin, and blocking experiments in vitro suggest that they adhere to this domain using a cell surface proteoglycan.

scholarly journals Formative pluripotent stem cells show features of epiblast cells poised for gastrulation

Cell Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Yunlong Xiang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Mouse Escs ◽  
Epiblast Stem Cells ◽  
Early Gastrula

AbstractThe pluripotency of mammalian early and late epiblast could be recapitulated by naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primed epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), respectively. However, these two states of pluripotency may not be sufficient to reflect the full complexity and developmental potency of the epiblast during mammalian early development. Here we report the establishment of self-renewing formative pluripotent stem cells (fPSCs) which manifest features of epiblast cells poised for gastrulation. fPSCs can be established from different mouse ESCs, pre-/early-gastrula epiblasts and induced PSCs. Similar to pre-/early-gastrula epiblasts, fPSCs show the transcriptomic features of formative pluripotency, which are distinct from naïve ESCs and primed EpiSCs. fPSCs show the unique epigenetic states of E6.5 epiblast, including the super-bivalency of a large set of developmental genes. Just like epiblast cells immediately before gastrulation, fPSCs can efficiently differentiate into three germ layers and primordial germ cells (PGCs) in vitro. Thus, fPSCs highlight the feasibility of using PSCs to explore the development of mammalian epiblast.

Effects of apoptosis inhibitors on survival of porcine primordial germ cells in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-K Lee ◽  
R Weaks ◽  
J.A Piedrahita
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells

Analyses of cellular multimerin 1 receptors: in vitro evidence of binding mediated by αΙΙbβ3 and αvβ3

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1004-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Adam ◽  
Shilun Zheng ◽  
Nilesh Joshi ◽  
David Kelton ◽  
Amin Sandhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Cellular Activation ◽  
Fiber Assembly ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Rgd Site

SummaryMultimerin 1 (MMRN1) is a large, soluble, polymeric, factor V binding protein and member of the EMILIN protein family.In vivo, MMRN1 is found in platelets, megakaryocytes, endothelium and extracellular matrix fibers, but not in plasma. To address the mechanism of MMRN1 binding to activated platelets and endothelial cells, we investigated the identity of the major MMRN1 receptors on these cells using wild-type and RGE-forms of recombinant MMRN1. Ligand capture, cell adhesion, ELISA and flow cytometry analyses of platelet-MMRN1 binding, indicated that MMRN1 binds to integrins αIIbβ3 and αvβ3. Endothelial cell binding to MMRN1 was predominantly mediated by αvβ3 and did not require the MMRN1 RGD site or cellular activation. Like many other αvβ3 ligands, MMRN1 had the ability to support adhesion of additional cell types, including stimulated neutrophils. Expression studies, using a cell line capable of endothelial-like MMRN1 processing, indicated that MMRN1 adhesion to cellular receptors enhanced its extracellular matrix fiber assembly. These studies implicate integrin-mediated binding in MMRN1 attachment to cells and indicate that MMRN1 is a ligand for αIIbβ3 and αvβ3.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Mouse Primordial Germ Cells into Functional Oocytes In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1608-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Morohaku ◽  
Yuji Hirao ◽  
Yayoi Obata
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells

scholarly journals Ligand–Receptor Interactions Elucidate Sex-Specific Pathways in the Trajectory From Primordial Germ Cells to Gonia During Human Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend W. Overeem ◽  
Yolanda W. Chang ◽  
Jeroen Spruit ◽  
Celine M. Roelse ◽  
Susana M. Chuva De Sousa Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Receptor Interactions

The human germ cell lineage originates from primordial germ cells (PGCs), which are specified at approximately the third week of development. Our understanding of the signaling pathways that control this event has significantly increased in recent years and that has enabled the generation of PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) from pluripotent stem cells in vitro. However, the signaling pathways that drive the transition of PGCs into gonia (prospermatogonia in males or premeiotic oogonia in females) remain unclear, and we are presently unable to mimic this step in vitro in the absence of gonadal tissue. Therefore, we have analyzed single-cell transcriptomics data of human fetal gonads to map the molecular interactions during the sex-specific transition from PGCs to gonia. The CellPhoneDB algorithm was used to identify significant ligand–receptor interactions between germ cells and their sex-specific neighboring gonadal somatic cells, focusing on four major signaling pathways WNT, NOTCH, TGFβ/BMP, and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Subsequently, the expression and intracellular localization of key effectors for these pathways were validated in human fetal gonads by immunostaining. This approach provided a systematic analysis of the signaling environment in developing human gonads and revealed sex-specific signaling pathways during human premeiotic germ cell development. This work serves as a foundation to understand the transition from PGCs to premeiotic oogonia or prospermatogonia and identifies sex-specific signaling pathways that are of interest in the step-by-step reconstitution of human gametogenesis in vitro.

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