fiber assembly
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Nisita Dewanggana ◽  
Clare Evangeline ◽  
Maurita Delia Ketty ◽  
Diana Elizabeth Waturangi ◽  
Yogiara ◽  
...  

AbstractAmong food preservation methods, bacteriophage treatment can be a viable alternative method to overcome the drawbacks of traditional approaches. Bacteriophages are naturally occurring viruses that are highly specific to their hosts and have the capability to lyse bacterial cells, making them useful as biopreservation agents. This study aims to characterize and determine the application of bacteriophage isolated from Indonesian traditional Ready-to-Eat (RTE) food to control Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) population in various foods. Phage DW-EC isolated from Indonesian traditional RTE food called dawet with ETEC as its host showed a positive result by the formation of plaques (clear zone) in the bacterial host lawn. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results also showed that DW-EC can be suspected to belong to the Myoviridae family. Molecular characterization and bioinformatic analysis showed that DW-EC exhibited characteristics as promising biocontrol agents in food samples. Genes related to the lytic cycle, such as lysozyme and tail fiber assembly protein, were annotated. There were also no signs of lysogenic genes among the annotation results. The resulting PHACTS data also indicated that DW-EC was leaning toward being exclusively lytic. DW-EC significantly reduced the ETEC population (P ≤ 0.05) in various food samples after two different incubation times (1 day and 6 days) in chicken meat (80.93%; 87.29%), fish meat (63.78%; 87.89%), cucumber (61.42%; 71.88%), tomato (56.24%; 74.51%), and lettuce (46.88%; 43.38%).


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5930
Author(s):  
Javier Martín-López ◽  
Consuelo Pérez-Rico ◽  
Selma Benito-Martínez ◽  
Bárbara Pérez-Köhler ◽  
Julia Buján ◽  
...  

Pterygium is a benign fibrovascular lesion of the bulbar conjunctiva with frequent involvement of the corneal limbus. Its pathogenesis has been mainly attributed to sun exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation. Obtained evidence has shown that it is a complex and multifactorial process which involves multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints, induction of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, angiogenic stimulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) disorders, and, most likely, viruses and hereditary changes. In this review, we aim to collect all authors’ experiences and our own, with respect to the study of fibroelastic ECM of pterygium. Collagen and elastin are intrinsic indicators of physiological and pathological states. Here, we focus on an in-depth analysis of collagen (types I and III), as well as the main constituents of elastic fibers (tropoelastin (TE), fibrillins (FBNs), and fibulins (FBLNs)) and the enzymes (lysyl oxidases (LOXs)) that carry out their assembly or crosslinking. All the studies established that changes in the fibroelastic ECM occur in pterygium, based on the following facts: An increase in the synthesis and deposition of an immature form of collagen type III, which showed the process of tissue remodeling. An increase in protein levels in most of the constituents necessary for the development of elastic fibers, except FBLN4, whose biological roles are critical in the binding of the enzyme LOX, as well as FBN1 for the development of stable elastin. There was gene overexpression of TE, FBN1, FBLN5, and LOXL1, while the expression of LOX and FBLN2 and -4 remained stable. In conclusion, collagen and elastin, as well as several constituents involved in elastic fiber assembly are overexpressed in human pterygium, thus, supporting the hypothesis that there is dysregulation in the synthesis and crosslinking of the fibroelastic component, constituting an important pathogenetic mechanism for the development of the disease.


2021 ◽  
Vol 306 (10) ◽  
pp. 2100634
Author(s):  
Daniela M. de C. Bittencourt ◽  
Paula F. Oliveira ◽  
Betulia M. Souto ◽  
Sonia M. Freitas ◽  
Luciano P. Silva ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyas Priyatini ◽  
Budi Iman Santoso ◽  
Trika Irianta ◽  
Herqutanto . ◽  
Nuryati Chairani Siregar ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition that negatively impacts the quality of life of millions of women. Recent results indicate that a burst of elastic fiber assembly and cross-linking occurs in the vaginal wall postpartum and that synthesis and assembly of elastic fibers are crucial for the recovery of pelvic organ support after vaginal delivery.Methods: A total of 39 primigravida women with gestational age > 36 weeks who underwent vaginal delivery were included in this study. Blood and urine samples were taken for laboratory assessment including carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of the type I collagen (ICTP), procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP), procollagen type-III N-propeptide (PIIINP), desmosine, tropoelastin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). At 24 ˗ 48 hours after labor, the subject was observed in the treatment room and a second blood sample was taken for the examination. At 6 weeks post-partum, a third blood sample was taken for examination.Results: There was a significant relationship between serum MMP-9 levels six weeks post-partum in the pelvic floor dysfunction group and the control group (p = 0.025). In addition, a significant difference was also found in the different levels of MMP-9 (p = 0.041) and tropoelastin (p = 0.041) during delivery and 6 weeks after delivery. There was a significant difference between serum ICTP levels at delivery in the cystocele and control groups (p = 0.042), ICTP (p = 0.019) and tropoelastin (p = 0.046) levels also differ significantly during delivery and 6 weeks after delivery.Conclusion: ICTP, MMP-9, and tropoelastin are potential biomarkers in association with pelvic organ prolapse.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Maiti ◽  
Henrich Frielinghaus ◽  
David Gräßel ◽  
Martin Dulle ◽  
Markus Axer ◽  
...  

AbstractThe structural connectivity of the brain has been addressed by various imaging techniques such as diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) or specific microscopic approaches based on histological staining or label-free using polarized light (e.g., three-dimensional Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)). These methods are sensitive to different properties of the fiber enwrapping myelin sheaths i.e. the distribution of myelin basic protein (histology), the apparent diffusion coefficient of water molecules restricted in their movements by the myelin sheath (DWMRI), and the birefringence of the oriented myelin lipid bilayers (3D-PLI, OCT). We show that the orientation and distribution of nerve fibers as well as myelin in thin brain sections can be determined using scanning small angle neutron scattering (sSANS). Neutrons are scattered from the fiber assembly causing anisotropic diffuse small-angle scattering and Bragg peaks related to the highly ordered periodic myelin multilayer structure. The scattering anisotropy, intensity, and angular position of the Bragg peaks can be mapped across the entire brain section. This enables mapping of the fiber and myelin distribution and their orientation in a thin brain section, which was validated by 3D-PLI. The experiments became possible by optimizing the neutron beam collimation to highest flux and enhancing the myelin contrast by deuteration. This method is very sensitive to small microstructures of biological tissue and can directly extract information on the average fiber orientation and even myelin membrane thickness. The present results pave the way toward bio-imaging for detecting structural aberrations causing neurological diseases in future.


2021 ◽  
pp. 2002248
Author(s):  
Dharmesh Hirani ◽  
Cristina M. Alvira ◽  
Soula Danopoulos ◽  
Carlos Milla ◽  
Michele Donato ◽  
...  

RationalePremature infants exposed to oxygen are at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is characterised by lung growth arrest. Inflammation is important, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated inflammatory pathways and therapeutic targets in severe clinical and experimental BPD.Methods and ResultsFirst, transcriptomic analysis with in-silico cellular deconvolution identified a lung-intrinsic M1-like-driven cytokine pattern in newborn mice after hyperoxia. These findings were confirmed by gene expression of macrophage-regulating chemokines (Ccl2, Ccl7, Cxcl5) and markers (Il6, Il17A, Mmp12). Second, hyperoxia-activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling was measured in vivo and related to loss of alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII) as well as increased mesenchymal marker. Il6 null mice exhibited preserved ATII survival, reduced myofibroblasts and improved elastic fiber assembly, thus enabling lung growth and protecting lung function. Pharmacological inhibition of global IL-6 signaling and IL-6 trans-signaling promoted alveolarisation and ATII survival after hyperoxia. Third, hyperoxia triggered M1-like polarisation, possibly via Klf4; hyperoxia-conditioned medium of macrophages and IL-6 impaired ATII proliferation. Finally, clinical data demonstrate elevated macrophage-related plasma cytokines as potential biomarkers that identify infants receiving oxygen at increased risk of developing BPD. Moreover, macrophage-derived IL6 and active STAT3 were related to loss of epithelial cells in BPD lungs.ConclusionWe present a novel IL-6-mediated mechanism by which hyperoxia activates macrophages in immature lungs, impairs ATII homeostasis, and disrupts elastic fiber formation, thereby inhibiting lung growth. The data provide evidence that IL-6 trans-signaling could offer an innovative pharmacological target to enable lung growth in severe neonatal chronic lung disease.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Heedy ◽  
Juviarelli Pineda ◽  
Albert Yee

Abstract In nature, structural biopolymers are highly organized to allow for the development of complex tissues within a living entity, including the human body. To match the properties found in these fibrous structural tissues, synthetic biomimetic hydrogels must have an optimal combination of stiffness, strength, and toughness; though an ideal combination remains challenging to achieve. Here, we report a general strategy to design stiff, strong, and tough hydrogels by confining biopolymers with a balance of rigid and weak domains into nanopillar topography. The confinement within nanopillars templates the fiber assembly process throughout the bulk of the film. Compared to a flat control, the application of the nanopillar topography increases the bulk stiffness ~ 160% to 20 MPa, strength ~ 350% to 36 MPa, and toughness ~ 450% to 8,500 kJ m− 3. This simple templating strategy is suitable for a vast range of hydrogels, opening up the potential applications for a diverse array of materials.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2170013
Author(s):  
Stephani Stamboroski ◽  
Arundhati Joshi ◽  
Paul‐Ludwig Michael Noeske ◽  
Susan Köppen ◽  
Dorothea Brüggemann
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110117
Author(s):  
Guangwu Sun ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Yanwen Ruan ◽  
Guanzhi Li ◽  
Wenfeng Hu ◽  
...  

It is widely known that the pore size of a meltblown fiber assembly extensively affects the final applications of its products. We have developed a model for simulating melt-blowing production to investigate the formation mechanism of a fiber assembly. In this study, we calculated the pore size under different production conditions using the model. The predicted results reveal the relationship between the pore size and the production conditions, namely, the air jet pressure, suction pressure, die temperature, polymer flow rate, die to collector distance, and collector speed. The predicted results also verified the experimental trends reported in previous studies. High air jet pressure and die temperature tend to generate smaller pores, while a large polymer flow rate, die to collector distance, and collector movement speed contribute to the production of larger pores in the fiber assembly. In addition, the circularity was predicted in this study to describe the pore shape. The numerical investigation of virtual production is a novel method in which the expected pore size and corresponding production conditions can be easily obtained using a computer with a few keystrokes and mouse clicks.


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