scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE GENERALIZED SHWARTZMAN REACTION

1958 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Pappas ◽  
Michael H. Ross ◽  
Lewis Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Lamina Densa ◽  
Capillary Lumen ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide ◽  
Glomerular Capillaries

The intravascular fibrinoid which is deposited in glomerular capillaries of the rabbit during the generalized Shwartzman reaction has been studied with the aid of the electron microscope. In one group of animals the reaction was produced by two intravenous injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, spaced 24 hours apart. In another, a single dose of endotoxin was followed, 1 hour later, by intravenous liquoid (sodium polyanethol sulfonate). The appearance of fibrinoid was the same in the two groups. Initially, fibrinoid deposition occurred on the irregular, swollen surfaces of the endothelial cells within the capillary lumen. Subsequently, the fibrinoid mass increased to such proportions that the capillary lumen was completely occluded. Fibrinoid was found to be composed of unbranched fibrils, having a diameter of 200–300 angstroms and an axial repeating structure of 120 A. The basement membrane (lamina densa) underwent no change in appearance during the time when fibrinoid was being laid down. Balloon-like vesicles were consistently encountered in endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries after two doses of endotoxin, and also in animals given one injection of endotoxin followed by liquoid. The possible significance of the observations are discussed. It is suggested that they are compatible with the hypothesis, proposed earlier, that intravascular fibrinoid, in the generalized Shwartzman reaction, is derived from fibrinogen.

Liquoid Induced Stasis and the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Nordstoga
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Glomerular Capillaries

SummaryThe composition of the occlusive material within dilated glomerular capillaries, following intravenous injections of Liquoid in blue foxes, was studied electron microscopically; it was found that it mainly consisted of a debris in which disintegrated red cells constituted the major component. Damaged platelets and necrotic endothelial remnants were other components. These observations were interpreted as a result of glomerular stasis, and it was concluded that stasis in glomerular capillaries is a basic event in the development of the renal lesions accompanying the generalized Shwartzman reaction.

scholarly journals NO accounts completely for the oxygenated nitrogen species generated by enzymic l-arginine oxygenation

1992 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mülsch ◽  
A Vanin ◽  
P Mordvintcev ◽  
S Hauschildt ◽  
R Busse
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Dithiocarbamate Complex ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide

We have assessed the stoichiometry of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase reaction by using a novel e.p.r. technique. NO generated by crude and partially purified NO synthase from endothelial cells and Escherichia coli-lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages was trapped by a ferrous diethyldithiocarbamate complex dispersed in yeast. The paramagnetic ferrous mononitrosyl dithiocarbamate complex formed exhibited a characteristic e.p.r. signal at g perpendicular = 2.035 and g parallel = 2.02 with a triplet hyperfine structure (hfs) at g perpendicular. NO, 3-morpholinosydnonimine and S-nitroso-L-cysteine, but not nitrite or hydroxylamine, generated a similar e.p.r. signal. NO generated by NO synthase and by SIN-1 accumulated at a constant rate for 1 h, as measured by continuous e.p.r. registration at 37 degrees C. The formation of e.p.r.-detectable NO by NO synthases was inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine. Incubation with [15N]NG-L-arginine caused an e.p.r. signal with doublet hfs, indicating that the nitrosyl nitrogen derived exclusively from the guanidino nitrogen. The amount of NO generated by NO synthase as measured by e.p.r. technique was compared with formation of L-[3H]citrulline from L-[3H]arginine. NO and L-citrulline were detected at a 1:1 ratio with both NO synthase preparations. GSH and thiol depletion did not significantly affect NO synthase activity, excluding S-nitrosothiols as intermediates in the NO synthase reaction. We conclude that NO fully accounts for the immediate oxygenated nitrogen species derived from the enzymic oxygenation of L-arginine.

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