scholarly journals THE X-Y-Z SCHEME OF IMMUNOCYTE MATURATION

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera S. Byers ◽  
Eli E. Sercarz
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Antigen Concentration

A concentration of 5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) prevents the in vitro elicitation of a secondary response in primed rabbit popliteal lymph nodes, if it is left in contact with the node fragments for the first 6 days of culture. No antibody formation can be detected at any time during the culture period in most cases, although occasional fragments are resistant to inhibition. Reducing the exposure time to the first 3 days of culture delays the peak of the antibody response. The inhibition is antigen specific. Reconstruction experiments demonstrate that the inhibition is not due to antigen masking of the antibody. Even shortly after optimal stimulation, the addition of 5 mg/ml BSA to the fragments was not able to prevent a normal antibody response. The implications of these findings are that (a) a high antigen concentration suspends the memory cell in a reversibly paralyzed state, (b) memory cells have a heterogeneous susceptibility to inhibition, (c) once induced, the antibody response cannot be inhibited by antigen overloading, (d) unresponsiveness in a primed animal can be due to either exhaustion of the memory cell population or paralysis of the memory cell.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

1964 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Sainte-Marie ◽  
Albert H. Coons
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Mitotic Time ◽  
Skin Samples

Cells from lymph nodes of rabbits injected repeatedly with bovine serum albumin were transferred subcutaneously to previously irradiated rabbits, and the recipients were immediately injected with bovine serum albumin. A good antibody response resulted. In a series of such animals killed on successive days, skin samples at sites of cell deposition were removed and examined by immunofluorescence and by light microscopy. In these tissues abundant plasmocytes were found to have multiplied and differentiated in a regular progression from immature, to medium, to mature plasmocytes. During the 6 days of the experiment the small plasmocytes accumulated until they reached 85 per cent of the total plasmocytic population. The mitotic index of the large and medium plasmocytes averaged 11 per cent, implying a generation time of 6.3 hours on the basis of a 1 hour mitotic time. This rate of growth is sufficiently rapid to account for all the plasmocytes on the 6th day as deriving from less than 1 per cent of the population initially transferred. This rate and the orderly progression in the evolution of the plasmocytic population, make it highly improbable that plasmocytes arise from transformation of lymphocytes, but rather indicate that they spring from specific precursors already present among the transferred cells.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE AFTER SPECIFIC IMMUNIZATION

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne M. Dorner ◽  
Jonathan W. Uhr
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
The State ◽  
Immunologic Tolerance ◽  
Secondary Antibody

Specific immunologic tolerance to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was induced in approximately one-half of the rabbits that had been primarily immunized and were prepared for a secondary antibody response to BSA. The state of tolerance lasted for several months in the majority of rabbits and was not easily terminated by immunization with human serum albumin followed by BSA.

A Precipitin-like Reaction of the Hemolymph of the Lobster Homarus americanus

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1392-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
Diane M. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Fluorescent Material

The levels of fluorescent material in the hemolymph of lobsters injected with serum proteins from lobster hemolymph labelled with fluorescein remained relatively constant over a 6-day test period; the levels in lobsters injected with bovine serum albumin labelled with fluorescein declined rapidly. A precipitin-like reaction was observed when lobster hemolymph serum was titrated with bovine serum albumin in vitro.

Preparation and in vitro photodynamic activities of novel axially substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanines and their bovine serum albumin conjugates

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 2450-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong-Jie Jiang ◽  
Jian-Dong Huang ◽  
Yu-Jiao Zhu ◽  
Fen-Xiang Tang ◽  
Dennis K.P. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum

Amuchina Gel Xgerm hand rub in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Capezzone de Joannon ◽  
Angela Testa ◽  
Natalie Falsetto ◽  
Michela Procaccini ◽  
Lorella Ragni
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Prevention Measure ◽  
Study Product

Aim: Ethanol is highly effective at inactivating enveloped viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study is to evaluate the virucidal activity of Amuchina Gel Xgerm (74% ethanol) against SARS-CoV-2, according to the European Standard EN14476:2013+A2:2019. Materials & methods: Virucidal activity of the study product was evaluated against SARS-CoV-2 strain USAWA1/2020 in suspension, in the presence of 0.3 g/l of bovine serum albumin. Results: The log10 reduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of bovine serum albumin was ≥4.11 ± 0.12 after 30 s of exposure to the study product (80% dilution). Cytotoxicity was observed in the 100 dilution, affecting the detection limit by 1 log10. Conclusion: Virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 supports the effectiveness of this alcohol-based formulation as a prevention measure for COVID-19 illness.

scholarly journals In-vitro displacement interaction of atenolol and amlodipine on binding with bovine serum albumin when co-administered

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
Md Abdul Awal ◽  
Mahbub Mostofa ◽  
Md Kamrul Islam ◽  
Nusrat Subhan
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) can replace patient serum as a protein source in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio A. Benadiva ◽  
Barbara Kuczynski-Brown ◽  
Tobi G. maguire ◽  
Luigi Mastroianni ◽  
George L. Flickinger
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Study of the Binding of Taxifolin to Bovine Serum Albumin and the Influence of Common Ions on the Binding

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Shi ◽  
Xuwen Li ◽  
Yantao Sun ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Ruijie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

scholarly journals Clearance and binding of native and defucosylated lactoferrin

1983 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Imber ◽  
S V Pizzo
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Stable Complex

These studies explore the role of carbohydrate recognition systems and the direct involvement of terminal alpha 1-3-linked fucose in the clearance of lactoferrin from the murine circulation and in the specific binding of lactoferrin to receptors on murine peritoneal macrophages. As previously reported, radiolabelled lactoferrin cleared very rapidly (t1/2 less than 1 min) after intravenous injection into mice. However, competing levels of ligands specific for the hepatic galactose receptor (asialo-orosomucoid), the hepatic fucose receptor (fucosyl-bovine serum albumin), and the mononuclear-phagocyte system pathway recognizing mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose (mannosyl-, N-acetylglucosaminyl- and fucosyl-bovine serum albumin) did not block radiolabelled lactoferrin clearance in vivo or binding to mouse peritoneal macrophage monolayers in vitro. Almond emulsin alpha 1-3-fucosidase was used to prepare defucosylated lactoferrin in which 88% of the alpha 1-3-linked fucose was hydrolysed. No difference in clearance or receptor binding was observed between radiolabelled native and defucosylated lactoferrin. Fucoidin, a fucose-rich algal polysaccharide, completely inhibits the clearance in vivo and macrophage binding in vitro of lactoferrin. This effect, however, is probably not the result of competition for binding to the fucose receptor, since gel-filtration studies demonstrated formation of a stable complex between lactoferrin and fucoidin. The present results indicate that the lactoferrin-clearance pathway is distinct from several pathways mediating glycoprotein clearance through recognition of terminal galactose, fucose, N-acetylglucosamine or mannose. Furthermore, alpha 1-3-linked fucose on lactoferrin is not essential for lactoferrin clearance in vivo or specific binding to macrophage receptors in vitro.

Study of in vitro interaction between tetrabromobisphenol A and bovine serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2697-2700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Wu ◽  
Yan Qian ◽  
Hao Cui ◽  
Xiaomin Lai ◽  
Xianchuan Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Tetrabromobisphenol A ◽  
In Vitro Interaction
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