scholarly journals HAPTEN-CARRIER RELATIONSHIPS OF ISOANTIGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. McBride ◽  
Louis W. Schierman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Antibody

In chickens, erythrocyte isoantigens have hapten-carrier relationships. Specific anticarrier antibody depresses the immune response to the carrier and enhances the immune response to the hapten. Antigenic determinants of "haptenic" isoantigens behave as carriers if they are coated with specific antibody. It is postulated that every humoral antibody response involves the cooperation of a carrier with a hapten and the progressive conversion by antibody of haptens to carriers. Thus a carrier is viewed as an antigenic determinant which is coated with antibody. The antibody-forming cell only synthesizes antibody to the uncoated haptenic determinants. The consequences of this interpretation for the development of immunological maturity and the secondary immune response are discussed.

scholarly journals Nature and Specificity of the Required Protective Immune Response That Develops Postchallenge in Mice Vaccinated with the 19-Kilodalton Fragment of Plasmodium yoelii Merozoite Surface Protein 1

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6013-6020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiraprapa Wipasa ◽  
Huji Xu ◽  
Morris Makobongo ◽  
Michelle Gatton ◽  
Anthony Stowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein 1

ABSTRACT Immunity induced by the 19-kDa fragment of Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) is dependent on high titers of specific antibodies present at the time of challenge and a continuing active immune response postinfection. However, the specificity of the active immune response postinfection has not been defined. In particular, it is not known whether anti-MSP119 antibodies that arise following infection alone are sufficient for protection. We developed systems to investigate whether an MSP119-specific antibody response alone both prechallenge and postchallenge is sufficient for protection. We were able to exclude antibodies with other specificities, as well as any contribution of MSP119-specific CD4+ T cells acting independent of antibody, and we concluded that an immune response focused solely on MSP119-specific antibodies is sufficient for protection. The data imply that the ability of natural infection to boost an MSP119-specific antibody response should greatly improve vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE

1967 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh O. McDevitt ◽  
Michael Sela
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Polyglutamic Acid ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Cba Mice ◽  
Related Series ◽  
Synthetic Polypeptide

CBA and C57 mice were tested for their ability to make an immune response to a related series of branched, multichain synthetic polypeptide antigens in which the antigenic determinants on the amino termini of the branched side chains were systematically varied. Neither strain responded to the polyglutamic acid determinant. Both strains responded well and equally to the poly(phenylalanine, glutamic acid) determinants. CBA mice responded poorly, and C57 mice responded well to two different antigens bearing poly(tyrosine, glutamic acid) determinants. CBA mice responded well, and CS7 mice responded poorly to two different antigens bearing poly(histidine, glutamic acid) determinants. The genetic control of the immune response to (H,G)-A--L appears to be dominant and polygenic, as it has been shown to be for (T,G)-A--L. The related antigens used in this study show extensive cross-reactions with antisera against other members of the related series.

scholarly journals FETAL RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC STIMULUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Silverstein ◽  
Jonathan W. Uhr ◽  
Keith L. Kraner ◽  
Robert J. Lukes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Phage Antibody ◽  
Antigenic Stimulus ◽  
Neonatal Life ◽  
Fetal Lamb ◽  
Fetal Response

The fetal lamb in utero is able to form large amounts of specific antibody in response to antigenic stimulus as early as the 66th to 70th day of the 150 day gestation period. Among the several antigens employed, the fetal lamb responded earliest, and with the highest titers, to bacteriophage φX. Slightly less effective as an antigen was horse ferritin, while ovalbumin proved to be a weak antigen, especially in younger fetuses. Ineffective in stimulating an antibody response at any time during fetal or early neonatal life were diphtheria toxoid, Salmonella typhosa, and BCG. Thus, it may not be feasible to fix precisely the time of onset of immunologic responsiveness in a species, inasmuch as it appears to differ so greatly from one antigen to another. The quantity of antibody found 10 days after φX immunization was not significantly different in fetuses injected at 60 to 120 days of gestation. The earliest anti-phage antibody produced by the lamb fetus is a macroglobulin sensitive to the action of 2-mercaptoethanol. Only in older fetuses with longer lasting stimuli were appreciable amounts of 7S γ-globulin antibodies formed. The conformity of these observations to theories on the ontogenesis of the immune response is discussed.

THE EFFECT OF AN OESTROGENIC STEROID ON THE SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE UNDER DIFFERENT HORMONAL ENVIRONMENTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin M. Thanavala ◽  
Shanta S. Rao ◽  
A. N. Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Parabolic Type ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Tetanus Antibodies

ABSTRACT The effect of mestranol was studied on the secondary antibody response in mice under different hormonal environments. The results revealed that in the intact and ovariectomized animals treated with the oestrogen, the antibody response was of the parabolic type. In adrenalectomized mice, the administration of the steroid resulted in appreciably elevated levels of anti-tetanus antibodies. The response obtained was similar in animals receiving both the low and high doses of the oestrogen. Removal of both the ovaries and the adrenals resulted in marked increases in the antibody levels. Thus mestranol exerts an enhancing effect on the secondary antibody response in mice. This enhancement is, however, modified and regulated by the endogenous ovarian and adrenal hormones.

scholarly journals Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease. VII. Role of non-H-2-linked genes in the control of the anti-nuclease antibody response

1978 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Pisetsky ◽  
JA Berzofsky ◽  
DH Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Staphylococcal Nuclease ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

The role of non-H-2-linked genes in the control of the antibody response to staphylococcal nuclease has been investigated. 3 wk after immunization with nuclease in complete Freund's adjuvant, strain A/J (H-2 a) mice produced significantly higher titers of antibody than strain B10.A (H-2(a)) mice, whereas mice of strains A.BY (H-2(b)) and B10 (H-2(b)) produced barely detectable titers. With hyperimmunization, A/J and A.BY mice reached the same peak levels for antibody titers, both severalfold higher than those reached by B10.A and B10 mice. Analysis of the specificity of antibodies by assessment of binding to two fragments of nuclease showed similarities between strains of the same H-2 haplotype. These results suggest that although H-2-1inked genes determined initial responsiveness at 3 wk and the relative proportions of antibodies directed toward different antigenic determinants on the nuclease molecule, non-H-2-linked genes determined the overall magnitude of the hyperimmuneresponse. Measurement of the affinity of the antibodies to the nuclease fragment (1-126) showed that strains B10 and B10.A produced antibodies with 7- to 10-fold higher affinity than comparable antibodies from strains A.BY and A/J. In a backcross of (B10.A × A/J) × B10.A, the level of antibody segregated independently of the Ig-1(e) C(H) allotype and the A/J anti-nuclease idiotypes. Thus, a gene(s) linked to neither H-2 nor heavy chain structural genes appears to control the aggregate response to antigenic determinants on the nuclease molecule independent of subspecificities of these antibodies or their idiotype.

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