scholarly journals Development of B lymphocytes in mice heterozygous for the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mutation. xid inhibits development of all splenic and lymph node B cells at a stage subsequent to their initial formation in bone marrow.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Forrester ◽  
J D Ansell ◽  
H S Micklem
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Cell Pool ◽  
Old Mice

CBA/N mice were crossed with CBA/Ca-Pgk-1a to produce female F1 hybrids that were heterozygous for both xid and the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1) allozymes. PGK acted as a quantifiable marker for the frequency of cells in which the xid-bearing X chromosome was active in lymphocytic and other cell populations. In adults, such cells (termed xid cells) were virtually absent in FACS-sorted splenic and lymph node B cells, and in all three splenic subpopulations distinguished on the basis of their relative expression of membrane mu and delta chains. Thus, the xid mutation appeared to compromise the development of all B cells. Erythrocytes, thymocytes, T cells, and granulocytes were unaffected. Selection against xid cells was less pronounced in the spleens of 2-6-wk-old mice. In the bone marrow, there was evidence for selection against xid in the production of B cells (except at 2 wk of age), but not at the pre-B cell level. These data suggest that, in competition with normal non-xid cells, newly-formed xid B cells were less likely to be incorporated into the peripheral B cell pool.

scholarly journals Population kinetics of rat peripheral B cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gray
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Population Kinetics ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Cell Pool ◽  
Cell Life ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Selective Effects

Currently available estimates of B cell life span vary from 4 d to 6 wk. The discrepancy may have arisen out of the selective effects of stress and drug cytotoxicity on short-lived populations. In this report, bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), a drug that incorporates into the DNA of dividing cells, has been fed to rats in their drinking water, eliminating stressful injection procedures. Labeled cells in the recirculating B cell pool are identified in tissue sections using an mAb to BUdR. BUdR is shown to have no cytostatic effects at the dose used. Over a 5-d period of infusion, only 20% of the peripheral recirculating pool incorporate label (approximately 4% per day); labeling over various periods indicates that the peripheral B cell pool turns over in approximately 4 wk. To distinguish between turnover due to incorporation of new B cells into the peripheral pool and division of antigen-activated B cells rats underwent two consecutive periods of labeling, first with [3H]thymidine for 5 d and then with BUdR for a further 5 d. Virgin B cells newly derived from dividing precursors in the bone marrow do not continue to proliferate in the periphery, while activated cells undergo several rounds of division during both labeling periods. The results indicate that 3-4% of the peripheral pool is replaced by new B cells each day, while 0.3-0.6% become part of activated clones every day. Assuming that the peripheral pool of the rat contains 10(9) B cells, then 3-4 X 10(7) new B cells become stably incorporated per day. This represents approximately 10% of the putative output of the bone marrow.

scholarly journals B lymphocytes express and lose syndecan at specific stages of differentiation.

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Sanderson ◽  
P Lalor ◽  
M Bernfield
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Precursor B Cells

Lymphopoietic cells require interactions with bone marrow stroma for normal maturation and show changes in adhesion to matrix during their differentiation. Syndecan, a heparan sulfate-rich integral membrane proteoglycan, functions as a matrix receptor by binding cells to interstitial collagens, fibronectin, and thrombospondin. Therefore, we asked whether syndecan was present on the surface of lymphopoietic cells. In bone marrow, we find syndecan only on precursor B cells. Expression changes with pre-B cell maturation in the marrow and with B-lymphocyte differentiation to plasma cells in interstitial matrices. Syndecan on B cell precursors is more heterogeneous and slightly larger than on plasma cells. Syndecan 1) is lost immediately before maturation and release of B lymphocytes into the circulation, 2) is absent on circulating and peripheral B lymphocytes, and 3) is reexpressed upon their differentiation into immobilized plasma cells. Thus, syndecan is expressed only when and where B lymphocytes associate with extracellular matrix. These results indicate that B cells differentiating in vivo alter their matrix receptor expression and suggest a role for syndecan in B cell stage-specific adhesion.

scholarly journals Unbalanced X chromosome mosaicism in B cells of mice with X-linked immunodeficiency.

1983 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Nahm ◽  
J W Paslay ◽  
J M Davie
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Chromosomal Genes

The immunodeficiency in CBA/N mice is reflected by abnormal development of a subset of B lymphocytes. However, it is not clear how xid, the mutant gene in CBA/N mice, affects the development of this subset. Specifically, it is not known if the xid gene influences the development of the B cell subset directly or indirectly by providing the improper developmental milieu through effects on other cells. We investigated this question using female mice heterozygous for two x chromosomal genes, xid and Pgk-1 (phosphoglycerate kinase-1). Since females are mosaic because of x chromosome inactivation, their lymphocytes can be studied for the choice of the x chromosome, using the two PGK-1 isoenzymes as the cytological marker. We find that B lymphocytes in the spleen prefer the x chromosome without xid while the remaining splenocytes and cells from other tissues do not. This suggests that xid affects B lymphocytes directly and not through their developmental milieu. Furthermore, our data suggest that the precursors for IgG1- and IgG3-producing cells may be both few and different.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF T AND B LYMPHOCYTES IN THE RAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Goldschneider ◽  
D. D. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
T And B Lymphocytes ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens

A method is described whereby antisera raised in rabbits to rat thoracic duct lymphocytes were made specific for the plasma membrane antigens of T and B lymphocytes. These lymphocyte-specific antisera were used in immunofluorescence assays to study the distribution of B and T cells in lymphocyte containing tissues and body fluids of the rat. Rabbit antirat B-cell serum (ALSB) reacted selectively with the surfaces of lymphocytes in the lymphoid follicles of lymph node cortex and in the follicles and marginal zones of splenic white pulp, but not with the surfaces of germinal center cells or plasma cells. An identical pattern of fluorescent staining was obtained with rabbit antirat Ig serum. It was shown by blocking, absorption, and immunoprecipitation studies that ALSB was composed in large part of antibodies to rat Ig, but that it contained antibodies to other B-cell antigens as well. Rabbit antirat T-cell serum (ALST) reacted selectively with the surfaces of lymphocytes in the paracortex of lymph node and in the periarteriolar sheath of spleen, and with thymocytes. ALST did not display anti-Ig activity. ALST reacted with approximately 100% thymocytes and with 90% thoracic duct, 80% lymph node, 60% blood, 50% spleen, and 10% bone marrow lymphocytes in suspensions of cells from these sources. ALSB reacted with the remainder of the lymphocytes in the suspensions, except for bone marrow in which only 59% of lymphocytes had detectable B- or T-cell surface antigens. The population of T lymphocytes in rat bone marrow was depleted by drainage of lymphocytes from a thoracic duct fistula, thereby establishing their membership in the pool of recirculating T cells. Approximately 14% of lymphocytes issuing from the thoracic duct of TxBM donors reacted with ALST. The presence in these animals of a small number of T cells, calculated to be approximately 2% of the normal value, may account for the limited capacity of TxBM rats to respond to antigens that induce a cell-mediated immune response.

scholarly journals Prolonged survival in vivo of unprimed B cells responsive to a T-independent antigen.

1985 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ron ◽  
J Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Duct Lymph

Despite earlier evidence to the contrary, it has recently been claimed that most B lymphocytes, including lymph node (LN) and thoracic duct B cells, are short-lived cells of recent marrow origin. To seek direct information on this question, we transferred unprimed LN or thoracic duct B cells from normal mice to xid mice, i.e., mice unresponsive to the T-independent antigen, trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll. At varying periods after B cell transfer the recipients were challenged with TNP-Ficoll; anti-TNP plaque-forming cells were assayed in the spleen 6 d later. The results showed that the B cell recipients retained responsiveness to TNP-Ficoll for at least 3 mo after transfer. Responsiveness increased within the first 3 wk but then remained relatively constant. These findings imply that, at least for TNP-Ficoll-reactive cells, B cells residing in LN and thoracic duct lymph are not short-lived cells of recent marrow. Indeed, the data suggest that once the pool of recirculating B cells is fully formed in adult mice, further input of newly formed cells from the marrow into the recirculating pool is very limited.

scholarly journals Analysis of the heterogeneity of the BCR H-CDR3 repertoire in the bone marrow and spleen of 3-, 12-, and 20-month old mice 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Ma ◽  
Xinsheng Yao ◽  
Tao Xinxin ◽  
He Xiaoyan ◽  
Wang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Repertoire Diversity ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Peripheral B Cells

Abstract The number of central and peripheral B cells and their responsiveness are decreased in aged mice. The diversity of mouse central and peripheral B cell repertoires with increasing age has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that there were significant differences in the usage of some V, D, and J genes in the BCR H-CDR3 repertoire of bone marrow B cells, spleen B cells and spleen memory B cells in 3-, 12-, and 20-month-old mice. In the productive, pseudogene, and out-of-frame sequences, bone marrow B cells had significant differences in 5′J trimming with age; peripheral spleen B cells and memory B cells had significant differences in N1 insertion, N2 insertion, P5'D insertion, and 5'D trimming with age. The BCR H-CDR3 repertoire diversity of mouse bone marrow B cells, spleen B cells and spleen memory B cells decreased with increasing age. The proportion of overlap in bone marrow and spleen B cells, but not spleen memory B cells, of mice at different ages was lower at 3 months than at 12 and 20 months. This study is the first to report the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the CDR3 repertoire of central and peripheral B cells change as mice age, to further investigation of the decline and response of B cell immunity in young/middle/old-aged mice.

scholarly journals B Cell Development in the Spleen Takes Place in Discrete Steps and Is Determined by the Quality of B Cell Receptor–Derived Signals

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
By Florienne Loder ◽  
Bettina Mutschler ◽  
Robert J. Ray ◽  
Christopher J. Paige ◽  
Paschalis Sideras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Transitional B Cells ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

Only mature B lymphocytes can enter the lymphoid follicles of spleen and lymph nodes and thus efficiently participate in the immune response. Mature, long-lived B lymphocytes derive from short-lived precursors generated in the bone marrow. We show that selection into the mature pool is an active process and takes place in the spleen. Two populations of splenic B cells were identified as precursors for mature B cells. Transitional B cells of type 1 (T1) are recent immigrants from the bone marrow. They develop into the transitional B cells of type 2 (T2), which are cycling and found exclusively in the primary follicles of the spleen. Mature B cells can be generated from T1 or T2 B cells.

scholarly journals Pre-B-cells in normal human bone marrow and in bone marrow from patients with leukemia in remission: persistent quantitative differences and possible expression of cell surface IgM in vitro

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Pre-B-cells are bone marrow lymphoid cells that lack surface immunoglobulin (sIg-) but contain intracytoplasmic (c) IgM heavy chains and are probably the immediate precursors of immature sIgM+ B lymphocytes. To better understand early stages of B-cell development, immunofluorescence techniques were employed to identify pre-B-cells and B lymphocytes and to examine the expression of sIgM in vitro by human marrow that had been previously depleted of B cells by immunoadsorption. Marrow was derived from patients with acute leukemia in long-term remission off therapy and from a variety of controls. The pre-B-cell compartment was greatly expanded in the marrow of leukemia remission patients for more than 2 yr following cessation of therapy. A similar finding was noted in two patients with lymphoma who had also completed chemotherapy, but not in three with solid tumors prior to therapy. sIgM+ B cells appeared in cultures of sIg- marrow cells from leukemia patients, but not the controls, and only after exposure to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). At least some of the sIgM+ lymphocytes also expressed cIgM and were probably derived from pre-B-cells. The results of this study (A) confirm that patients who have completed treatment for acute leukemia have a prolonged elevation of pre-B-cell proportions, (B) demonstrate that similar abnormalities may exist in patients with certain solid tumors following chemotherapy, and (C) suggest that a fraction of sIg- human marrow cells, perhaps pre-B- cells, bear a receptor for EBV and can be induced to express to sIgM in vitro.

scholarly journals Activated Murine B Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells Produce a Novel CC Chemokine which Acts Selectively on Activated T Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schaniel ◽  
Evangelia Pardali ◽  
Federica Sallusto ◽  
Mattheos Speletas ◽  
Christiane Ruedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Splenic Cells

Genes were isolated using the suppression subtractive hybridization method by stimulation of pro/pre B cells with anti-CD40 and interleukin (IL)-4 to mature Sμ-Sε–switched cells. One of the strongly upregulated genes encodes a novel murine CC chemokine we have named ABCD-1. The ABCD-1 gene has three exons separated by 1.2- and 2.7-kb introns. It gives rise to a 2.2-kb transcript containing an open reading frame of 276 nucleotides. Two polyadenylation sites are used, giving rise to cDNAs with either 1550 or 1850 bp of 3′ untranslated regions. The open reading frame encodes a 24 amino acid–long leader peptide and a 68 amino acid–long mature protein with a predicted molecular mass of 7.8 kD. ABCD-1 mRNA is found in highest quantities in activated splenic B lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Little chemokine mRNA is present in lung, in unstimulated splenic cells, in thymocytes, and in lymph node cells. No ABCD-1 mRNA is detected in bone marrow, liver, kidney, or brain, in peritoneal exudate cells as well as in the majority of all unstimulated B lineage cells tested. It is also undetectable in Concanavalin A–activated/IL-2–restimulated splenic T cells, and in bone marrow–derived IL-2–induced natural killer cells and IL-3–activated macrophages. Recombinant ABCD-1 revealed a concentration-dependent and specific migration of activated splenic T lymphoblasts in chemotaxis assays. FACS® analyses of migrated cells showed no preferential difference in migration of CD4+ versus CD8+ T cell blasts. Murine as well as human T cells responded to ABCD-1. Freshly isolated cells from bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph node, IL-2–activated NK cells, and LPS-stimulated splenic cells, all did not show any chemotactic response. Thus, ABCD-1 is the first chemokine produced in large amounts by activated B cells and acting selectively on activated T lymphocytes. Therefore, ABCD-1 is expected to play an important role in the collaboration of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes with T cells in immune responses.

scholarly journals Collaboration of histoincompatible T and B lymphocytes using cells from tetraparental bone marrow chimeras.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
H von Boehmer ◽  
L Hudson ◽  
J Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Bone Marrow Chimeras

T-B collaboration has been studied in a secondary response to sheep erythrocytes using either syngeneic or allogeneic T- and B-cell combinations. T cells prepared from tetraparental bone marrow chimeras (TBMC), carrying H-2 determinants of one parental strain only, cooperated with syngeneic, as well as with allogeneic B cells carrying the alloantigens to which the T cells had been tolerized in the chimeric environment. When TBMC-derived cells of a single H-2 specificity were transferred with a mixture of TBMC-derived B cells of both H-2 types of the parental strains, no preference for syngeneic cooperation was found. The data therefore suggest that the presence of differing H-2-complex determinants on the allogeneic T- and B-cell populations of the two different strain combinations tested do not interfere with T-B collaboration when the cell populations studied are mutually tolerant.

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