scholarly journals DNA rearrangement and constitutive expression of the interleukin 6 gene in a mouse plasmacytoma.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Blankenstein ◽  
Z H Qin ◽  
W Q Li ◽  
T Diamantstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Dna Rearrangement ◽  
Start Site ◽  
Autocrine Growth ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

To study the potential involvement of IL-6 in the development of plasmacytomas, a number of plasmacytoma lines were analyzed for alterations in the IL-6 locus. A DNA rearrangement due to the insertion of an intracisternal A particle retrotransposon 18 bp 5' of the transcriptional start site was detected in the cell line MPC11. The IL-6 gene is constitutively expressed in MPC11, suggesting the involvement of IL-6 in the development of certain myeloma/plasmacytomas according to the "autocrine growth hypothesis".

scholarly journals Characterization of an interleukin-6-mediated autocrine growth loop in the human multiple myeloma cell line, U266

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Schwab ◽  
CB Siegall ◽  
LA Aarden ◽  
LM Neckers ◽  
RP Nordan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Autocrine Growth ◽  
Myeloma Cell Line ◽  
Human Myeloma Cell Line ◽  
Human Myeloma Cell

It has been reported recently that freshly isolated human myeloma cell cultures proliferate in response to added interleukin-6 (IL-6). Endogenous levels of IL-6 found in the same cultures suggested that an autocrine growth loop may contribute to cell growth. However, the lack of homogenous cell populations in primary myeloma cultures has made it difficult to distinguish between paracrine and autocrine growth mechanisms. To precisely address the autocrine growth issue we have evaluated the growth of the human myeloma cell line, U266. We have found that a neutralizing anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody can inhibit U266 proliferation. Furthermore, the addition of IL-6 antisense oligonucleotides also inhibits U266 proliferation. These effects are reversed by adding IL-6, suggesting the presence of an autocrine loop. Using bioassays with two different IL-6-dependent cell lines, we were able to detect IL-6 in concentrated U266 supernatants. IL-6 mRNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA. Cell cycle parameter analysis shows that IL-6 acts to release a block in G1. Taken together these results present conclusive evidence for IL-6-mediated autocrine growth in the U266 human myeloma cell line.

scholarly journals Transcriptional activation of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 in the pre-B cell line Ea3.123

1999 ◽  
Vol 337 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona WATSON ◽  
Damian G. DEAVALL ◽  
Janet A. MACRO ◽  
Rachel KIERNAN ◽  
Rod DIMALINE
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Vesicular Monoamine Transporter ◽  
Start Site ◽  
Monoamine Transporter ◽  
Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2

Uptake and storage of monoamines in secretory granules is accomplished by vesicular monoamine transporters, and it is likely that vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is important for histamine transport in vivo. In the present study we have used the pre-B-cell line Ea3.123 to investigate the mechanisms involved in the transcriptional activation of the VMAT2 gene. In Ea3.123 cells, VMAT2 mRNA abundance was increased following mobilization of intracellular calcium, and this increased mRNA expression was paralleled by changes in l-histidine decarboxylase mRNA, suggesting that VMAT2 may be responsible for sequestration of histamine into secretory vesicles in this cell line. We cloned the 5´-flanking region of the VMAT2 gene and determined its transcriptional start site by primer extension of rat VMAT2 mRNA. There was no TATA or TATA-like sequence upstream of this region; instead there were GC-rich elements, Ca2+/cAMP-response-element- and SP1-binding motifs. Approx. 900 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site was a purine–pyrimidine repeat sequence that may form a Z-DNA structure. A series of 5´-deletional VMAT2-promoter segments cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter were capable of driving transcription and indicated the presence of multiple regulatory elements, while stimulation with ionomycin or PMA resulted in an increased level of the transcriptional activity of the 5´-promoter segments studied.

Constitutive expression of the brg1 gene requires GC-boxes near to the transcriptional start site

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Itoh ◽  
K. Miyake ◽  
T. Yamaguchi ◽  
M. Tsuge ◽  
H. Kaneoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Start Site

scholarly journals Regulation of hepA ofAnabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 by Elements 5′ from the Gene and by hepK

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (16) ◽  
pp. 4233-4242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Zhu ◽  
Renqiu Kong ◽  
C. Peter Wolk
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Nitrogen Deprivation ◽  
Start Site ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Translational Initiation ◽  
Reading Frame

ABSTRACT In Anabaena spp., synthesis of the heterocyst envelope polysaccharide, required if the cell is to fix dinitrogen under aerobic conditions, is dependent on the gene hepA. A transcriptional start site of hepA was localized 104 bp 5′ from its translational initiation codon. A 765-bp open reading frame, denoted hepC, was found farther upstream. Inactivation ofhepC led to constitutive expression of hepA and prevented the synthesis of heterocyst envelope polysaccharide. However, the glycolipid layer of the heterocyst envelope was synthesized. AhepK mutation blocked both the synthesis of the heterocyst envelope polysaccharide and induction of hepA. The predicted product of hepK resembles a sensory protein-histidine kinase of a two-component regulatory system. Analysis of the region between hepC and hepA indicated that DNA sequences required for the induction of hepA upon nitrogen deprivation are present between bp −574 and −440 and between bp −340 and −169 relative to the transcriptional start site ofhepA. Gel mobility shift assays provided evidence that one or more proteins bind specifically to the latter sequence. The Fox box sequence downstream from hepA appeared inessential for the induction of hepA.

scholarly journals Characterization of an interleukin-6-mediated autocrine growth loop in the human multiple myeloma cell line, U266

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Schwab ◽  
CB Siegall ◽  
LA Aarden ◽  
LM Neckers ◽  
RP Nordan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Autocrine Growth ◽  
Myeloma Cell Line ◽  
Human Myeloma Cell Line ◽  
Human Myeloma Cell

Abstract It has been reported recently that freshly isolated human myeloma cell cultures proliferate in response to added interleukin-6 (IL-6). Endogenous levels of IL-6 found in the same cultures suggested that an autocrine growth loop may contribute to cell growth. However, the lack of homogenous cell populations in primary myeloma cultures has made it difficult to distinguish between paracrine and autocrine growth mechanisms. To precisely address the autocrine growth issue we have evaluated the growth of the human myeloma cell line, U266. We have found that a neutralizing anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody can inhibit U266 proliferation. Furthermore, the addition of IL-6 antisense oligonucleotides also inhibits U266 proliferation. These effects are reversed by adding IL-6, suggesting the presence of an autocrine loop. Using bioassays with two different IL-6-dependent cell lines, we were able to detect IL-6 in concentrated U266 supernatants. IL-6 mRNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA. Cell cycle parameter analysis shows that IL-6 acts to release a block in G1. Taken together these results present conclusive evidence for IL-6-mediated autocrine growth in the U266 human myeloma cell line.

Interleukin-6 functions as an autocrine growth factor in a cholangiocarcinoma cell line

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUHIKO OKADA ◽  
YUKIHIRO SHIMIZU ◽  
SHUJI NAMBU ◽  
KIYOHIRO HIGUCHI ◽  
AKIHARU WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Autocrine Growth ◽  
Autocrine Growth Factor ◽  
Cholangiocarcinoma Cell

Interleukin 6, a possible autocrine growth and differentiation factor for the human megakaryocytic cell line, CMK

1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Fuse ◽  
Harumi Kakuda ◽  
Yukichi Shima ◽  
Jo Van Damme ◽  
Alfons Billiau† and ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Autocrine Growth ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Megakaryocytic Cell
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