scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ON THE FUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND

1925 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hamilton Crawford ◽  
J. N. J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Marked Individual ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. There is a marked individual variation in the histological structure of the thyroid gland of rabbits examined at the same season under standard conditions. Although the microscopic appearance varies in different rabbits, the structure of the two lobes in the same animal does not differ. The variations are seen principally in the size and shape of the vesicles and in the quantity and character of the colloid. 2. With one lobe as a control no histological changes in the other lobe have been observed following section or stimulation of either the cervical sympathetic or the vagus and its branches.

scholarly journals THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE THYROID GLAND OF THE RABBIT FOLLOWING LOBECTOMY

1925 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hamilton Crawford ◽  
J. N. J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
The Right

1. In a series of rabbits the changes which took place in the histology of the left lobe of the thyroid gland after excision of the right lobe have been studied at varied intervals of time. 2 days after the removal of one lobe the other lobe showed a slightly increased colloid content, an increased vacuolation of the colloid, and a slight increase in the size of the epithelial cells. At the end of a week the vesicles were greatly increased in size, distended with colloid, and the epithelial cells were flattened, while after 3 to 4 months signs of compensatory hypertrophy were present. 2. The changes observed were uninfluenced by division of the vagus or cervical sympathetic.

Role of Autonomic Nervous System in Maintenance of Cerebral and Renal Hypertension

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Rothman ◽  
Douglas R. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

The blood pressure responses to various drugs were investigated in renal hypertensive, cerebral hypertensive and normotensive rabbits. Hexamethonium bromide and Dibenamine reduced the blood pressures of renal and cerebral hypertensives. Effects in the normal were insignificant. The cerebral hypertensive's blood pressure was slightly affected by benzodioxane. Blood pressure was not reduced at all in the other groups. Blood pressure of the renal hypertensive rabbit was greatly reduced by Veriloid and dihydroergocornine. Blood pressures of cerebral and normal animals were affected to a lesser degree. The results suggest that maintenance of hypertension in the cerebral hypertensive rabbit depends on an overactive sympathetic nervous system, possibly due to the release of medullary pressor centers from inhibitory impulses originating in higher centers; whereas, the maintenance of hypertension in the renal hypertensive rabbit may be attributed to an increased reactivity of the peripheral vasculature to a normal sympathetic tone.

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Level Electrical Stimulation of the Arotic Root Ventricular Ganglionated Plexi on Electrical and Structural Remodling in Dogs with Heart Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ganglionated Plexi ◽  
Atrial Enlargement ◽  
Stimulation Of

Low-level electrical stimulation (LL-ES) of aortic root ventricular ganglionated plexi (GP) was proved to be antiarrhythmic in the initiation of AF mediated by autonomic nervous system. However,it is still uncertain whether LL-ES of the ventricular GP can reverse the structural remodeling of myocardial fibrosis and atrial enlargement following heart failure by attenuating the sympathetic tone. Therefore,this review will give an general argument on this topic.

Nervous Control of Gut Movements in Lophius

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Young
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Hand Control ◽  
Excitatory Action

There are not sufficient data available to allow any general statements about the earlier stages of evolution of the autonomic nervous system and of its various transmitter mechanisms. In the previous paper (Young, 1980) it was shown that control of the stomach of elasmobranchs is largely by the inhibitory action of the sympathetic nerves, probably mediated by 5-HT. In teleostean fishes on the other hand control seems to be mainly by the cholinergic excitatory action of the vagus, especially in the more advanced (acanthopterygian) groups (Grove & Campbell, 1979a, b; Fänge & Grove, 1979).

scholarly journals Autonomic Regulation of Splanchnic Circulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A Fraser ◽  
Samuel S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Splanchnic Circulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Vascular Reserve ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Primary Afferent Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of the autonomic nervous system in circulatory regulation of the splanchnic organs (stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, pancreas and spleen) is reviewed. In general, the sympathetic nervous system is primarily involved in vasoconstriction, while the parasympathetic contributes to vasodilation. Vasoconstriction in the splanchnic circulation appears to be mediated by alpha-2 receptors and vasodilation by activation of primary afferent nerves with subsequent release of vasodilatory peptides, or by stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. As well, an important function of the autonomic nervous system is to provide a mechanism by which splanchnic vascular reserve can be mobilized during stress to maintain overall cardiovascular homeostasis.

XXIV.—The Innervation of the Human Quiescent Nipple, with Notes on Pigmentation, Erection, and Hyperneury

1949 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Cathcart ◽  
F. W. Gairns ◽  
H. S. D. Garven
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has been known from antiquity that involution of the uterus is aided by putting the child to the breast, and the work of Moir (1933) has demonstrated conclusively that suckling brings about waves of contraction of the puerperal uterus. Since suckling must necessarily involve stimulation of the nipple, it seemed of interest to know what sensory apparatus is present in the nipple to receive these stimuli. While histological studies of the mammary gland itself have been numerous, only slight attention has been paid to the histological structure of the areola and the nipple.It must be appreciated from the outset that the present study is devoted to the innervation of the nipple in the quiescent breast. There may be considerable change during pregnancy and lactation, not only in the size of the organ and its epithelium but also in the other structures. It has been shown that there is an increase in the number of nerve-fibres in the actively secreting mammary tissue, and it is possible that there is an increase in the nerve-structures of the nipple also. The richness of the innervation in the quiescent nipple certainly makes a further study of these nerve-structures during pregnancy and lactation of great interest.

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