scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE RÔLE OF THE RAT KIDNEY IN HYPERTENSION CAUSED BY DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE

1949 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney M. Friedman ◽  
Constance L. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cent Saline ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Pellet Form

Desoxycorticosterone acetate in pellet form was administered for 51 days to albino rats of the Sherman strain which also received 1 per cent saline as drinking water. Treatment was stopped in representative groups at 25, 37, and 51 days so that the regression of blood pressure and renal changes could be observed. It was noted that both the elevation in blood pressure during treatment and its reversal when treatment was stopped were closely correlated with corresponding changes in renal mass. In the time for which the process was studied it did not become irreversible. Removal of both kidneys from DCA-treated animals aggravated the hypertension, suggesting that the kidneys are actively concerned with the excretion and possible inactivation of the steroid.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE ON BLOOD PRESSURE, RENAL FUNCTION, AND ELECTROLYTE PATTERN IN THE INTACT RAT

1948 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney M. Friedman ◽  
John R. Polley ◽  
Constance L. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Cent Saline ◽  
Electrolyte Change ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Pellet Form

Small doses of DCA administered at intervals in pellet form are capable of raising the blood pressure, altering renal function, and changing the electrolyte pattern in the intact rat. The concomitant feeding of 1 per cent saline intensifies the process. The elevation in blood pressure occurs prior to demonstrable changes in renal excretory function. The alteration in renal function consists first of a reduction in CPAH with the maintenance of a normal filtration rate. Filtration fraction is elevated while there is no reduction in renal plasma flow per unit of tubular excretory tissue. Later, filtration is interfered with and renal ischemia occurs. The electrolyte change is characterized by a sustained fall in plasma K and Cl, a rise in plasma Na, an increase in the Na/Cl ratio, and finally an elevation of Na plus K. Plasma Ca is unaffected. These observations suggest the possible etiological significance of the adrenal cortex in some types of hypertension.

scholarly journals DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie I. Knowlton ◽  
Emily N. Loeb ◽  
Herbert C. Stoerk ◽  
Beatrice C. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Renal Tubular

1. Desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) and NaCl, in the dosage employed in normal rats, caused renal and cardiac hypertrophy, characteristic changes in the renal tubular epithelium, atrophic changes in the subcapsular zone of the adrenal cortex, and serum electrolyte changes characterized by a rise in sodium and fall in potassium. 2. In rats rendered nephritic with a rabbit anti-rat-kidney serum, the same regimen caused similar changes. In addition, DCA given concurrently with NaCl greatly intensified the nephritic process and gave rise to striking arterial hypertension. 3. A diet, virtually sodium-free, administered to normal and nephritic rats receiving daily injections of DCA abolished or reduced to a minimum the effects of this steroid; i.e., a liberal ingestion of NaCl was essential for the potentiation of the action of DCA. 4. The addition of KCl to the drinking water of rats receiving DCA and NaCl tended to correct the depression of the level of potassium in the serum, but had no effect upon the hypertension in nephritic animals nor upon the anatomical lesions. 5. The mechanism by which the sodium ion potentiates the activity of DCA has not been established.

scholarly journals Modulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Rat Kidney by Sulforaphane: Implications for Regulation of Blood Pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzy Elbarbry ◽  
Anke Vermehren-Schmaedick ◽  
Agnieszka Balkowiec
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Epoxide Hydrolase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background. We investigated the effects of sulforaphane (SF), the main active isothiocyanate in cruciferous vegetables, on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in the kidney and its effect on arterial blood pressure, using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as models. Methods. Rats were treated for 8 weeks with either drinking water alone (control) or SF (20 or 40 mg/kg) added to drinking water. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured at 7-day intervals throughout the study. At the end of treatment rats were euthanized, and kidneys were harvested to prepare microsomes and measure enzymes involved in regulation of vasoactive metabolites: CYP4A, the key enzyme in the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and the soluble epoxide hydrolase, which is responsible for the degradation of the vasodilator metabolites such as epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Effect of SF on kidney expression of CYP4A was investigated by immunoblotting. Results. We found that treatment with SF leads to significant reductions in both, the expression and activity of renal CYP4A isozymes, as well as the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Consistent with these data, we have found that treatment with SF resisted the progressive rise in MAP in the developing SHR in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion. This is the first demonstration that SF modulates the metabolism of AA by both P450 enzymes and sEH in SHR rats. This may represent a novel mechanism by which SF protects SHR rats against the progressive rise in blood pressure.

DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2),  Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

ASSESSMENT OF ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florica Manea ◽  
Anamaria Baciu ◽  
Aniela Pop ◽  
Katalin Bodor ◽  
Ilie Vlaicu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

Drinking Water Surveillance Program in the St. Clair-Detroit River Area 1985/86

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Roberts ◽  
R.B. Hunsinger ◽  
A.H. Vajdic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Detroit River ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract The Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP), developed by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, is an assessment project based on standardized analytical and sampling protocol. This program was recently instituted in response to a series of contaminant occurrences in the St. Clair-Detroit River area of Southwestern Ontario. This paper outlines the details and goals of the program and provides information concerning micro-contaminants in drinking water at seven drinking water treatment plants in Southwestern Ontario.

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