scholarly journals THE IONIZATION OF PROTEIN CHLORIDES

1923 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Colloidal Properties ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride

1. By the use of the silver-silver chloride electrode, measurements have been made of the chloride ion concentrations of 1 per cent solutions of five proteins, containing from 0.001 N to 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. The hydrogen ion concentrations of the same solutions have been measured by the use of the hydrogen electrode. 2. The measurements indicate that the chlorides of gelatin, egg albumin, casein, edestin, and serum globulin are highly ionized electrolytes, ionizing to yield chloride ion and a positive protein-hydrogen ion. Their ionization is therefore similar to that of ammonium chloride. 3. The results do not support the idea that a protein chloride does not yield chloride ion on dissociation. They are not in agreement with the idea that the depressing effect of an excess of HCl on the viscosity and other colloidal properties of a protein chloride solution is due to a repression of the ionization of the protein chloride. The results are, however, in complete accord with the theory of colloidal behavior advocated by Loeb.

DIRECT CURRENT POTENTIAL AND pH OF SEVERAL VARIETIES OF SKIN NEOPLASMS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Inch
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride ◽  
Current Potential

A study of 36 subjects having skin neoplasms of three degrees of malignancy is described. The hydrogen ion concentration was determined using a Beckman model G pH meter with glass and calomel electrodes while d-c. potentials were measured using a d-c. vacuum tube amplifier and silver – silver chloride electrodes.The results indicate that there is no correlation between malignancy and absolute value of potential, but a correlation between malignancy and pH difference (pH neoplasm − pH normal) and between malignancy and the 'extra positivity' (absolute d-c. potential − 0.059 pH difference) does exist.

DIRECT CURRENT POTENTIAL AND pH OF SEVERAL VARIETIES OF SKIN NEOPLASMS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Inch
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride ◽  
Current Potential

A study of 36 subjects having skin neoplasms of three degrees of malignancy is described. The hydrogen ion concentration was determined using a Beckman model G pH meter with glass and calomel electrodes while d-c. potentials were measured using a d-c. vacuum tube amplifier and silver – silver chloride electrodes.The results indicate that there is no correlation between malignancy and absolute value of potential, but a correlation between malignancy and pH difference (pH neoplasm − pH normal) and between malignancy and the 'extra positivity' (absolute d-c. potential − 0.059 pH difference) does exist.

scholarly journals A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Lingjun Li ◽  
Guangli Li ◽  
Yuliang Cao ◽  
Yvonne Yanwen Duan
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Sintered Ag ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which has been widely used in the clinical intervention and treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Sintered Ag/AgCl electrode has become a preferred candidate for HD-tDCS, but its service life is very short, especially for long-term anodal stimulation. To address this issue, a novel highly durable conductive carbon/silver/silver chloride composite (C/Ag/AgCl) electrode was fabricated by a facile cold rolling method. The important parameters were systematically optimized, including the conductive enhancer, the particle size of Ag powder, the C:Ag:PTFE ratio, the saline concentration, and the active substance loading. The CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrode demonstrated excellent specific capacity and cycling performance. Both constant current anodal polarization and simulated tDCS measurement demonstrated that the service life of the CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrodes was 15-16 times of that of sintered Ag/AgCl electrodes. The much longer service life can be attributed to the formation of the three-dimensional interpenetrating conductive network with CNT doping, which can maintain a good conductivity and cycling performance even if excessive non-conductive AgCl is accumulated on the surface during long-term anodal stimulation. Considering their low cost, long service life, and good skin tolerance, the proposed CNT/Ag/AgCl electrodes have shown promising application prospects in HD-tDCS, especially for daily life scenarios.

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