Pollen Removal, Paternity, and the Male Function of Flowers

1997 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Queller
Keyword(s):  
Male Function ◽  
Pollen Removal

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALE FUNCTION PROFILE/IMPOTENCE QUESTIONNAIRE

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH R. FINEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Male Function ◽  
Function Profile

scholarly journals Resource allocation to growth, reproduction and survival in Gladiolus : The cost of male function

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Rameau ◽  
Pierre-Henri Gouyon
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Male Function ◽  
The Cost

CONSEQUENCES OF NECTAR ROBBING FOR REALIZED MALE FUNCTION IN A HUMMINGBIRD-POLLINATED PLANT

Ecology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 2637-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
Alison K. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Nectar Robbing ◽  
Male Function

scholarly journals Bee-Mediated Selection Favors Floral Sex Specialization in a Heterantherous Species: Strategies to Solve the Pollen Dilemma

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Larissa C. Oliveira ◽  
Alberto L. Teixido ◽  
Renata Trevizan ◽  
Vinícius L. G. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Pollen Removal ◽  
Broad Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Gender ◽  
Pollen Flowers ◽  
Two Populations

Animal-pollinated plants show a broad variation in floral morphology traits and gametophyte production within populations. Thus, floral traits related to plant reproduction and sexuality are usually exposed to pollinator-mediated selection. Such selective pressures may be even stronger in heterantherous and pollen flowers, in which pollen contributes to both bee feeding and pollination, overcoming the “pollen dilemma” or the inability to perform both functions simultaneously. We describe the phenotypic gender and sexual organ morphology of flowers in two populations of Macairea radula (Melastomataceae), a heterantherous and buzz-pollinated species with pollen flowers. We estimated selection gradients on these traits through female and male fitness components. Both populations showed sizeable phenotypic gender variation, from strict hermaphrodites to increased femaleness or maleness. We found a continuous variation in style and stamen size, and this variation was correlated with corresponding shape values of both sexual organs. We detected bee-mediated selection towards short and long styles through seed number and towards intermediate degrees of heteranthery through pollen removal in one population, and selection towards increased maleness through pollen dispersal in both populations. Our results suggest that bee-mediated selection favors floral sex specialization and stylar dimorphism in M. radula, optimizing reproductive success and solving the pollen dilemma.

scholarly journals A Sexually Dimorphic Corolla Appendage Affects Pollen Removal and Floral Longevity in Gynodioecious Cyananthus delavayi (Campanulaceae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0117149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Niu ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Chang-Qiu Liu ◽  
Zhi-Min Li ◽  
Hang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Floral Longevity ◽  
Pollen Removal

COMPARISONS OF POLLEN REMOVAL AND DEPOSITION BY HONEY BEES AND BUMBLEBEES VISITING APPLE

1997 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Goodell ◽  
James D. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Pollen Removal

Staminodes influence pollen removal and deposition rates in nectar-rewarding self-incompatible Phanera yunnanensis (Caesalpinioideae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Menglin Wang ◽  
Shuyin Huang ◽  
Manru Li ◽  
Doyle McKey ◽  
Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Western China ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Pollen Removal

AbstractStaminodes are sterile stamens that produce no pollen, exhibit diverse structures and perform various functions. Flowers of Phanera yunnanensis possess three fertile stamens with large anthers and long filaments, and seven staminodes with tiny anthers and short filaments. To investigate the adaptive significance of staminodes in this species, we studied effects of staminode removal on pollen removal and deposition, flower visitation rate and fruit set in Xishuangbanna, south-western China. Four species of nectar-foraging pollinators visited flowers, mostly Amegilla zonata and Apis cerana (2.80 ± 0.15 and 1.76 ± 0.41 visits h−1 per flower, respectively). Staminode removal did not affect fruit set, but increased visitation by A. cerana by 2.6-fold, reduced visitation by A. zonata by 68% and increased the pollen removal rate for both pollinators (all effects were significant). Staminode removal significantly reduced pollen deposition rate for A. zonata, but not for A. cerana. These results suggest that the staminodes of P. yunnanensis filter which insects act as pollinators and affect pollen removal and deposition rates. By reducing pollen removal rates, staminodes may implement a pollen-dispensing schedule that spreads pollen dispersal from individual flowers over multiple pollinators. By altering pollen deposition rates, staminodes may influence reproductive fitness in other ways.

Secondary Pollen Presentation in Angiosperms and Its Biological Significance

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Howell ◽  
AT Slater ◽  
RB Knox
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Pollinator Behaviour ◽  
Secondary Pollen Presentation ◽  
Male Function ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pollen Presentation ◽  
Male Phase

Secondary pollen presentation is the developmental relocation of pollen from the anthers onto another floral organ which then functions as the pollen presenting organ for pollination. Nine different types have been identified in sixteen angiosperm families according to which organ is used for presentation, whether the pollen is exposed or concealed within a structure and how pollen is loaded onto the presenting surface: (1) Enveloping bloom presenters (Araceae); (2) Perianth presenters with exposed pollen presentation (Epacridaceae); (3) Androecial presenters (Santalaceae); (4) Terminal stylar presenters with passive pollen placement and concealed stigmas (Rubiaceae and Proteaceae); (5) Terminal stylar presenters with passive pollen placement and sub-terminal stigmas (Marantaceae and Polygalaceae); (6) Terminal stylar presenters with active pollen placement (Asteraceae, Calyceraceae and Lobeliaceae); (7) Sub-terminal stylar presenters (Campanulaceae, Cannaceae, Fabaceae and Myrtaceae); (8) Exposed stigmatic presenters (Rubiaceae); (9) Indusial stigmatic presenters (Goodeniaceae and Brunoniaceae). Secondary pollen presentation occurs in three monocotyledon and thirteen dicotyledon families. The presentation types appear to have been independently derived indicating that secondary pollen presentation is a character with a selective advantage. In all but the enveloping bloom type of secondary pollen presentation, developmental relocation of pollen requires simultaneous, introrse anther dehiscence and a close association of the presenting organ to the anthers prior to anthesis. The various secondary pollen presentation systems may be modified to promote xenogamy or autogamy and this can even change during anthesis. Most plants which have secondary pollen presentation, display reduced herkogamy within the flower to facilitate pollination. Increased risk of self-pollination due to this may be overcome through dichogamy, herkogamy within inflorescences, dry stigmas, self-incompatibility systems and passive or active control over pollinator behaviour. Enhanced male function of the flowers of secondary pollen presenting plants is also evident through extension of the male phase by the protection, controlled release and precise placement and receipt of pollen. Plants displaying secondary pollen presentation are almost always protandrous.

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