scholarly journals Baseline and Stress‐Induced Levels of Corticosterone during Different Life Cycle Substages in a Shorebird on the High Arctic Breeding Grounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Reneerkens ◽  
R. I. Guy Morrison ◽  
Marilyn Ramenofsky ◽  
Theunis Piersma ◽  
John C. Wingfield
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. STRATHDEE ◽  
J. S. BALE ◽  
W. C. BLOCK ◽  
N. R. WEBB ◽  
I. D. HODKINSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I Guy Morrison ◽  
Nick C. Davidson ◽  
Theunis Piersma

Abstract We examined changes in body composition of Red Knots (Calidris canutus islandica) following arrival on their High Arctic breeding grounds at Alert, Ellesmere Island, Canada. Knots arrived in late May and early June with large fat and muscle stores. In the next two weeks, fat and protein stores (pectoral muscles) declined, while increases occurred in gizzard, proventriculus, gut length, heart, liver, and possibly gonads. Most stores were used before egg laying occurred and were therefore not available for egg formation. Early development of ova in some females suggests that body stores may be incorporated into the earliest eggs. While stores may be used for survival when conditions are difficult after arrival, their rapid loss and the concomitant increase in other organs suggests that a major function may be to facilitate a transformation from a physiological state suitable for migration to one suitable, and possibly required, for successful breeding. Transformaciones a Altas Latitudes: ¿Por qué Calidris canutus islandica Lleva Reservas Corporales a los Sitios de Nidificación? Resumen. Examinamos los cambios en la condición corporal de individuos de Calidris canutus islandica luego de que éstos llegaran a sus territorios reproductivos a altas latitudes en el Ártico en Alert, isla Ellesmere, Canadá. Los individuos de C. c. islandica llegaron a fines de mayo y comienzos de junio con grandes reservas de grasa y músculo. Durante las dos semanas siguientes, las reservas de grasa y proteína (músculos pectorales) disminuyeron, mientras que la molleja, los proventrículos, el largo del intestino, el hígado y posiblemente las gónadas aumentaron de tamaño. La mayoría de las reservas fueron usadas antes del período de puesta de huevos, por lo que éstas no estuvieron disponibles para la formación de los huevos. En algunas hembras, el desarrollo temprano de los óvulos sugiere que las reservas corporales pueden ser incorporadas en los primeros huevos. Si bien las reservas pueden ser usadas para sobrevivir en el momento de la llegada cuando las condiciones son difí ciles, su rápida pérdida y el aumento concomitante en otros órganos sugiere que una de las funciones principales de las reservas podría ser facilitar la transformación de un estado fisiológico apropiado para la migración a un estado apropiado y posiblemente requerido para la reproducción exitosa.


1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Dean Morewood ◽  
Richard A Ring

Many studies have explored the adaptations of arctic and alpine Gynaephora species (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to their environment, and base-line life-history information is important for the interpretation of such studies. Data and observations on G. groenlandica (Wocke) collected in recent years at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Canada, contradict some of the life-history information previously published for this species from the same site. Detailed analysis of larval head capsule widths and consideration of growth ratios indicate that there are seven rather than six larval instars and that the pattern of development does not deviate significantly from that defined by the Brooks-Dyar rule. Field-rearing of larvae indicates that first-instar larvae overwinter, while field- and laboratory-rearing both indicate that larvae moult once per year, every year. These data and observations greatly shorten and simplify the life history from that previously published and suggest a life cycle of 7 rather than 14 years. This revised life cycle is not presented as an absolute, in recognition of the potential for individual variation, but rather as typical of the developmental pattern of most of the population. As such, it should provide a useful base line for further studies, especially those addressing the influence of predicted climate change in the Arctic.


The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Guy Morrison ◽  
Keith A. Hobson
Keyword(s):  

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kukal ◽  
Peter G. Kevan

The life history of Gynaephora groenlandica was studied in the high arctic at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island. Life history events (larval development, pupation, adult emergence, mating, oviposition, hatching, and moulting to the second larval instar) occurred only in the 3–4 weeks before mid-July. Larvae fed mainly on Salix arctica. They stopped feeding by the end of June, hid, and spun hibernacula. Nineteen percent of third- and fourth-instar larvae were parasitized by the wasp Hyposoter pectinatus (Ichenumonidae); 52% of fifth- and sixth-instar larvae and pupae were parasitized by the fly Exorista sp. (Tachinidae). We estimated that G. groenlandica has a life cycle lasting 14 years. Parasitism caused 56% of overall mortality, whereas cumulative winter mortality was calculated as 13% of a cohort passing through a 14-year life cycle. Peak of activity of adult parasitoids coincided with inactivity of Gynaephora larvae during July. Selective pressure of parasitism may restrict development of G. groenlandica to a short period before adult parasitoids are most active. The importance of parasitoids in the life history of G. groenlandica suggests that parasitism is as significant as climate in population regulation of insects living in the high arctic.


1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Hoberg

Specimens of the pentastome Reighardia sternae (Diesing, 1864) are reported for the first time in avian hosts from Antarctica. Mature female specimens were found in a southern black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein) (1 of 21 examined) while an immature female was found in a south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki (Saunders)) (1 of 20). Species of Reighardia have not previously been reported among any of the Stercorariinae. The degree of development of individuals of R. sternae provided evidence that the life cycle of this pentastome could be completed on the breeding grounds of its hosts in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula.


Polar Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Hullé ◽  
Joël Bonhomme ◽  
Damien Maurice ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon

Author(s):  
Crinan Jarrett ◽  
Luke L. Powell ◽  
Tabe T. Regine Claire ◽  
Melanie Tchoumbou ◽  
Barbara Helm

AbstractWood Warblers, an Afro-Palearctic migrant species, are declining steadily in Europe likely due to mortality outside their breeding grounds. However, little is known about their overwintering, and records about the sensitive life-cycle stage of moult in Africa are practically absent. To fill this gap, we report on moult of Wood Warblers captured over two winters (January–February) in 2019–2020 in Cameroon. We caught 14 individuals, of which 12 were monitored for flight feather moult. All inspected individuals showed advanced stages of flight feather renewal. Despite low sample sizes, Underhill-Zucchini moult models aptly explained variation in primary and secondary moult (R2 = 0.61). Estimated moult onset date was 26 December, completion date was 25 February, and moult duration was 61 days. These findings fit well with experimental data on the annual cycle and the timing of recently published migration tracks of Wood Warblers. Jointly, the data suggest that moult timing is set by an internal programme, which enables Wood Warblers to organise their multi-stage migration such that they reach suitable moulting habitat in time, and can depart in time with a fresh plumage for the breeding grounds. In our study, moult occurred during the peak of the dry season, which in Cameroon nonetheless shows high relative humidity. During our mist-netting on 28 cocoa plantations of varying shade cover, Wood Warblers were caught on 6 farms whose canopies were comparatively open. These data suggest that the birds encounter in Cameroon relatively stable climatic conditions for moult, and do not measurably prefer closed-canopy forests. Our findings are important, because successful moult increases survival prospects and because moult needs to be safely embedded in a migratory life cycle. Hence, information on moult timing and location is essential for identifying year-round vulnerabilities of Wood Warblers.


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