Gamma-Ray Bursts as X-Ray Depth Gauges of the Universe

2003 ◽  
Vol 591 (2) ◽  
pp. L91-L94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mszros ◽  
M. J. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Universe

scholarly journals COSMOLOGY WITH THE Ep,i – Eiso CORRELATION OF GAMMA–RAY BURSTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORENZO AMATI
Keyword(s):  
Photon Energy ◽  
Energy Band ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Spectral Peak ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiated Energy ◽  
The Universe

Gamma–Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the brightest sources in the universe, emit mostly in the hard X–ray energy band and have been detected at redshifts up to about 8.2. Thus, they are in principle very powerful probes for cosmology. I shortly review the researches aimed to use GRBs for the measurement of cosmological parameters, which are mainly based on the correlation between spectral peak photon energy and total radiated energy or luminosity. In particular, based on an enriched sample of 120 GRBs, I will provide an update of the analysis by Amati et al. (2008) aimed at extracting information on ΩM and, to a less extent, on ΩΛ, from the E p,i – E iso correlation.

Gamma-ray bursts spectral correlations and their cosmological use

2007 ◽  
Vol 365 (1854) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Ghirlanda
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Emission Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Prompt Emission ◽  
Open Issues

The correlations involving the long-gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) prompt emission energy represent a new key to understand the GRB physics. These correlations have been proved to be the tool that makes long-GRBs a new class of standard candles. Gamma Ray Bursts, being very powerful cosmological sources detected in the hard X-ray band, represent a new tool to investigate the Universe in a redshift range, which is complementary to that covered by other cosmological probes (SNIa and CMB). A review of the , , and correlations is presented. Open issues related to these correlations (e.g. presence of outliers and selection effects) and to their use for cosmographic purposes (e.g. dependence on model assumptions) are discussed. Finally, the relevance of thermal components in GRB spectra is discussed in the light of some of the models recently proposed for the interpretation of the spectral-energy correlations.

The X-ray luminosity function of short gamma-ray bursts

2021 ◽  
Vol 366 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ying Liu ◽  
Fu-Wen Zhang ◽  
Si-Yuan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Luminosity Function ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Interpreting the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts with radiative losses and millisecond magnetars

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (4) ◽  
pp. 5986-5992
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sarin ◽  
Paul D Lasky ◽  
Gregory Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Dipole Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiative Efficiency ◽  
Central Engine ◽  
Radiative Losses ◽  
Wave Emission ◽  
Prompt Emission

ABSTRACT The spin-down energy of millisecond magnetars has been invoked to explain X-ray afterglow observations of a significant fraction of short and long gamma-ray bursts. Here, we extend models previously introduced in the literature, incorporating radiative losses with the spin-down of a magnetar central engine through an arbitrary braking index. Combining this with a model for the tail of the prompt emission, we show that our model can better explain the data than millisecond-magnetar models without radiative losses or those that invoke spin-down solely through vacuum dipole radiation. We find that our model predicts a subset of X-ray flares seen in some gamma-ray bursts. We can further explain the diversity of X-ray plateaus by altering the radiative efficiency and measure the braking index of newly born millisecond magnetars. We measure the braking index of GRB061121 as $n=4.85^{+0.11}_{-0.15}$ suggesting the millisecond-magnetar born in this gamma-ray burst spins down predominantly through gravitational-wave emission.

scholarly journals Diverse Features of the Multiwavelength Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Natural or Special?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Geng ◽  
Y. F. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Shock Model ◽  
Reverse Shock ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Forward Shock ◽  
Electron Positron Pair

The detection of optical rebrightenings and X-ray plateaus in the afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) challenges the generic external shock model. Recently, we have developed a numerical method to calculate the dynamics of the system consisting of a forward shock and a reverse shock. Here, we briefly review the applications of this method in the afterglow theory. By relating these diverse features to the central engines of GRBs, we find that the steep optical rebrightenings would be caused by the fall-back accretion of black holes, while the shallow optical rebrightenings are the consequence of the injection of the electron-positron-pair wind from the central magnetar. These studies provide useful ways to probe the characteristics of GRB central engines.

scholarly journals Gamma-ray bursts from stellar remnants: probing the Universe at high redshift

1998 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. L13-L17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. M. J. Wijers ◽  
J. S. Bloom ◽  
J. S. Bagla ◽  
P. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
The Universe
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