Principal Parasites of Domestic Animals in the United States: Biological and Diagnostic Information. Virginia R. Ivens , Daniel L. Mark , Norman D. Levine

SUMMARYAs feral swine continue to expand their geographical range and distribution across the United States, their involvement in crop damage, livestock predation, and pathogen transmission is likely to increase. Despite the relatively recent discovery of feral swine involvement in the aetiology of a variety of pathogens, their propensity to transmit and carry a wide variety of pathogens is disconcerting. We examined sera from 2055 feral swine for antibody presence to six serovars of Leptospira that can also infect humans, livestock or domestic animals. About 13% of all samples tested positive for at least one serovar, suggesting that Leptospira infection is common in feral swine. Further studies to identify the proportion of actively infected animals are needed to more fully understand the risk they pose.

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Wolf depredation on domestic animals in Europe and the United States: Characteristics and explanatory factors, and a case study of wolf-dog conflicts

10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/24 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Linda Kartano

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Explanatory Factors

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Household Pets in Training Schools Serving Delinquent Children

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1971.28.2.475 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 475-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Boris M. Levinson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Pet Ownership ◽

Farm Programs ◽

Training Schools

112 returns were received in a survey of 150 (48% sample of children, 35% sample of institutions) children's training schools located in the United States inquiring as to the use of animals in farm programs and use of domestic animals as pets for children. 38 schools which had farm programs indicated that cows and hogs were the most popular farm animals. 46 schools which permitted their children to own pets stated that dogs and cats were the most popular pets. In most schools children and staff cooperated in caring for the pets. The school census was not related to the ownership of pets. The questionnaire elicited many volunteered comments regarding pet ownership in the training schools.

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Multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infections of humans and domestic animals in the Pacific Northwest of the United States

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268899003283 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

T. E. BESSER ◽

M. GOLDOFT ◽

L. C. PRITCHETT ◽

R. KHAKHRIA ◽

D. D. HANCOCK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

The United States ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Cattle Farm ◽

Similar Tendency ◽

The Pacific ◽

Animal Isolates ◽

Zip Code

Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 with chromosomally encoded resistance to five or more antimicrobial drugs (R-type ACSSuT+) has been reported increasingly frequently as the cause of human and animal salmonellosis since 1990. Among animal isolates from the northwestern United States (NWUS), R-type ACSSuT+ Typhimurium isolates increased through the early 1990s to comprise 73% of Typhimurium isolates by 1995, but subsequently decreased to comprise only 30% of isolates during 1998. NWUS S. Typhimurium R-type ACSSuT+ were consistently (99%) phage typed as DT104 or the closely related DTu302. S. Typhimurium isolates from cattle with primary salmonellosis, randomly selected from a national repository, from NWUS were more likely to exhibit R-type ACSSuT+ (19/24, 79%) compared to isolates from other quadrants (17/71, 24%; P < 0.01). Human patients infected with R-type ACSSuT+ resided in postal zip code polygons of above average cattle farm density (P < 0.05), while patients infected with other R-types showed no similar tendency. Furthermore, humans infected with R-type ACSSuT+ Typhimurium were more likely to report direct contact with livestock (P < 0.01) than humans infected with other R-types.

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RABIES: A RARE DISEASE BUT A SERIOUS PEDIATRIC PROBLEM

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.45.5.839 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 839-844

Author(s):

James J. Cereghino ◽

Harold T. Osterud ◽

Jacob L. Pinnas ◽

Monroe A. Holmes

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

World Health ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Expert Committee ◽

Age Group ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Human Contact ◽

Health Organization

Human rabies encephalitis is of particular interest to the pediatrician in the United States since the highest incidence occurs in the under 15 age group. When a child has been exposed to wild or domestic animals, specific antirabic treatment must be considered. Factors to consider in establishing treatment include the health status and changes in the behavior of the biting animal, the extent and location of the bite, and the relative risk of infection in the involved species. Recommendations for immunization following exposure have been made by the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Rabies. A case of human rabies encephalitis was imported to the United States from Egypt in 1967. The diagnosis was suspected but could not be confirmed antemortem. There are no readily available reliable tests for the diagnosis of rabies in the human prior to death. The risk of obtaining rabies from a human contact may be small, but death is the only outcome if the disease is contracted. Screening of hospital personnel involved in the care of a human rabies patient revealed that isolation procedures had not eliminated possibility of exposure. The value of rabies vaccines has been documented. Two forms of vaccine are presently available and others are in the experimental state. Antirabies serum is available for severely exposed individuals.

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Coinfection of cattle in Virginia with Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype and Anaplasma marginale

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/10406387211057627 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104063872110576

Author(s):

Vanessa J. Oakes ◽

S. Michelle Todd ◽

Amanda A. Carbonello ◽

Pawel Michalak ◽

Kevin K. Lahmers

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

The United States ◽

Diagnostic Information ◽

Theileria Orientalis ◽

Blood Samples ◽

The Difference ◽

Tick Vectors

Theileria orientalis Ikeda is a newly identified agent of bovine infectious anemia in the United States. Although T. orientalis Ikeda is transmitted by ticks other than the tick that transmits Anaplasma marginale—a bacterial etiology of bovine infectious anemia—the geographic distributions of these 2 infectious organisms overlap, with coinfection reported in some cattle. Only anaplasmosis has an approved effective treatment in the United States. To provide rapid diagnostic information for producers with anemic animals, we developed a duplex real-time PCR (rtPCR) for A. marginale and T. orientalis. With a cutoff of 38 cycles, the duplex assay has a sensitivity of 97.0% and a specificity of 100% for A. marginale; with a cutoff of 45 cycles, the duplex assay has a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% for T. orientalis, compared to existing tests. In addition to providing a tool for improved clinical decision-making for veterinarians and producers, our rtPCR facilitates the study of coinfection of cattle in Virginia. Of 1,359 blood samples analyzed, 174 were positive for T. orientalis, 125 were positive for A. marginale, and 12 samples were positive for both T. orientalis and A. marginale. Hence, coinfection by these 2 agents of bovine infectious anemia does occur within Virginia. It is likely that this pattern of infection will be seen in other regions where T. orientalis and A. marginale infections are endemic, despite the difference in tick vectors.

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