scholarly journals Widespread detection of antibodies to Leptospira in feral swine in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2131-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PEDERSEN ◽  
K. L. PABILONIA ◽  
T. D. ANDERSON ◽  
S. N. BEVINS ◽  
C. R. HICKS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
Livestock Predation

SUMMARYAs feral swine continue to expand their geographical range and distribution across the United States, their involvement in crop damage, livestock predation, and pathogen transmission is likely to increase. Despite the relatively recent discovery of feral swine involvement in the aetiology of a variety of pathogens, their propensity to transmit and carry a wide variety of pathogens is disconcerting. We examined sera from 2055 feral swine for antibody presence to six serovars of Leptospira that can also infect humans, livestock or domestic animals. About 13% of all samples tested positive for at least one serovar, suggesting that Leptospira infection is common in feral swine. Further studies to identify the proportion of actively infected animals are needed to more fully understand the risk they pose.

scholarly journals Evidence of leptospirosis in the kidneys and serum of feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PEDERSEN ◽  
T. D. ANDERSON ◽  
S. N. BEVINS ◽  
K. L. PABILONIA ◽  
P. N. WHITLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYLeptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in humans worldwide. In the United States, widespread detection of antibodies to leptospirosis have been identified in feral swine (Sus scrofa) with the highest detection of serovars, Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Over the past few years, feral swine populations have expanded their geographical range and distribution in the United States with reports in at least 39 of 50 states. Since feral swine serve as reservoirs for serovars that can infect humans, it is important to understand the risk of transmission. In order to learn more about the probability that feral swine shed infectious leptospires, we collected kidneys and paired serum when possible from 677 feral swine in 124 counties of 29 states. These counties had previously been identified as antibody positive forLeptospira interrogansserovars Bratislava, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae or Pomona. Although exposure to these same six serovars of leptospirosis continued to be high (53% overall) in the counties we sampled, we detected leptospiral DNA in only 3·4% of feral swine kidneys tested. Based on these results, it appears that although feral swine can serve as a source of infection to humans, especially in those who are more likely to encounter them directly such as wildlife biologists, veterinarians, and hunters, the risk may be relatively low. However, further studies to examine the relationship between leptospiral shedding in the urine and kidneys in addition to culturing the organism are recommended in order to better understand the risk associated with feral swine.

scholarly journals El mayor registro de elevación de Mustela frenata (Carnivora: Mustelidae) y distribución en el departamento de Calda, región andina de Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Sergio Escobar-Lasso ◽  
Margarita Gil-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern South America

The long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata Lichtenstein, 1831 has the greatest geographical range among mustelids in the western hemisphere (Harding & Dragoo 2012). The range of M. frenata extends from the north of the United States, near the Canadian border, to northern South America (Sheffield & Thomas 1997), from sea level to 3800 masl (Sheffield & Thomas 1997, Reid & Helgen 2008).

scholarly journals 1342. TOSCANA: The Observational Seroepidemiologic Study of COVID-19 at the United States Naval Academy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S758-S759
Author(s):  
Eugene Millar ◽  
Eric Laing ◽  
Adam Saperstein ◽  
Jitu Modi ◽  
Christopher Heaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
United States Naval Academy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Seroepidemiologic Study

Abstract Background University students, including those at military service academies, are at increased risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI), including SAR-CoV-2, due to crowded living conditions, frequent social interaction and other factors that facilitate pathogen transmission. Unlike many universities, the United States Naval Academy (USNA) continued in-person instruction in Fall 2020 in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Observational Seroepidemiologic Study of COVID-19 at the United States Naval Academy (TOSCANA,) a longitudinal cohort characterizes the burden and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 in USNA midshipmen. Methods Midshipmen were enrolled August- October 2020. Participants were queried about their ARI risk factors, COVID-19 history, and recent receipt of medical care for any ARI at enrollment, in December 2020 and again in May 2021. Subjects were also asked to provide blood and saliva samples to assess their SARS-CoV-2 serostatus at the same three timepoints. A saliva sample was collected by a subset of subjects in February 2021. Presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum IgG in dried blood spots and saliva was measured by multiplex magnetic microparticle-based immunoassays. Results 181 midshipmen consented to the study and completed the baseline survey (Table 1). 17 (17.5%) of the 97 subjects who submitted baseline blood sample were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Only 4 (24%) positive individuals reported having been tested for or diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to arrival at USNA. 121 participants completed the midyear survey, of whom 61 (50%) submitted a blood sample. 16 (26%) of the midyear specimens were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Of these, 3 were new infections. 73 subjects completed the May survey, and 63 (100%) of the submitted blood samples were positive. 83 subjects provided baseline saliva samples, and ~55 submitted saliva at each successive time point. 1 (5%) was positive at enrollment, 9 (17%) were positive at midyear and 47 (96%) were positive in May. Table 1. Key characteristics of TOSCANA participants Conclusion SAR-CoV-2 prevalence in a sample of USNA midshipmen was < 20% at enrollment. A small proportion of subjects seroconverted between the September and December visits. SARS-CoV-2 positivity rose in May, following a COVID-19 outbreak in February and COVID-19 vaccination efforts in March at USNA. Disclosures Jitu Modi, MD, GSK (Speaker’s Bureau)

scholarly journals Current status and future recommendations for feral swine disease surveillance in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 2279-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vienna R Brown ◽  
Michael C Marlow ◽  
Rachel M Maison ◽  
Thomas Gidlewski ◽  
Richard Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
Swine Disease

scholarly journals Governmental Provisions to Manage and Eradicate Feral Swine in Areas of the United States

AMBIO ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. Centner ◽  
Rebecca M. Shuman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feral Swine

scholarly journals Valuing the absence of feral swine in the United States: A partial equilibrium approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Holderieath ◽  
D.L. Pendell ◽  
J.C. Hadrich ◽  
A. Anderson ◽  
C. Slootmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
Equilibrium Approach

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar ◽  
Kerri Pedersen ◽  
Rafael Calero-Bernal ◽  
Oliver C. Kwok ◽  
Isabelle Villena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feral Swine

scholarly journals Pseudorabies in Feral Swine in the United States, 2009–2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri Pedersen ◽  
Sarah N. Bevins ◽  
John A. Baroch ◽  
James C. Cumbee ◽  
Shannon C. Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feral Swine

scholarly journals Feral Swine Commercial Slaughter and Condemnation at Federally Inspected Slaughter Establishments in the United States 2017–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Akkina ◽  
Howard Burkom ◽  
Leah Estberg ◽  
Lydia Carpenter ◽  
Morgan Hennessey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Feral Swine

Feral swine populations in the United States (US) are capable of carrying diseases that threaten the health of the domestic swine industry. Performing routine, near-real time monitoring for an unusual rise in feral swine slaughter condemnation will increase situational awareness and early detection of potential animal health issues, trends, and emerging diseases. In preparation to add feral swine to APHIS weekly monitoring, a descriptive analysis of feral swine slaughter and condemnations was conducted to understand the extent of commercial feral swine slaughter in the US at federally inspected slaughter establishments and to determine which condemnation reasons should be included. There were 17 establishments that slaughtered 242,198 feral swine across seven states from 2017 to 2019. For all 17 establishments combined, feral swine accounted for 63% of slaughtered animals. A total of 23 types of condemnation reasons were noted: Abscess/Pyemia, Arthritis, Contamination, Deads, Emaciation, General Miscellaneous, Icterus, Injuries, Metritis, Miscellaneous Degenerative & Dropsical Condition, Miscellaneous Inflammatory Diseases, Miscellaneous Parasitic Conditions, Moribund, Nephritis/Pyelitis, Non-ambulatory, Pericarditis, Pneumonia, Residue, Sarcoma, Septicemia, Sexual Odor, Toxemia, and Uremia. Exploratory analysis was conducted to determine which condemnation reasons should be included for weekly monitoring. For most condemn reasons, weeks of unusually high condemnations were noted. For example, a period of high pneumonia condemnations occurred from December 2, 2018 through February 3, 2019 with a spike on January 6, 2019 and a spike in dead swine occurred on November 3, 2019. The seasonal impacts on limited quality food resources, seasonal variation in the pathogen(s) causing pneumonia, and harsher weather are suspected to have an impact on the higher condemnation rates of pneumonia and dead swine during the winter months. Based on condemnation frequencies and the likelihood of enabling situational awareness and early detection of feral swine health emerging diseases, the following were selected for weekly monitoring: abscess/pyemia, contamination/peritonitis, deads, emaciation, injuries, miscellaneous parasitic conditions, moribund, pneumonia and septicemia. Detection of notable increases in condemnation reasons strongly suggestive of foreign animal or emerging diseases should contribute valuable evidence toward the overall disease discovery process when the anomalies are both confirmed with follow up investigation and combined with other types of surveillance.

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