Ant Reproductive Strategies and Sex Allocation Theory

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nonacs
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Sex Allocation Theory

Testing sex-allocation theory: flowers vs seeds in hermaphrodite plants

Oikos ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marielle C. J. Rademaker ◽  
Tom J. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Sex Allocation Theory

EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF SEX ALLOCATION THEORY WITH TWO SPECIES OF SIMULTANEOUSLY HERMAPHRODITIC ACORN BARNACLES

Evolution ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1332-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Matthew Hoch ◽  
Jeffrey S. Levinton
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Sex Allocation Theory

Female-biased sex ratio of immature loggerhead sea turtles inhabiting the Atlantic coastal waters of Florida

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2973-2977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thane Wibbels ◽  
R. Erik Martin ◽  
David W. Owens ◽  
Max S. Amoss Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sex Allocation Theory ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

The sex ratio of immature loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, inhabiting the Atlantic coastal waters of Florida was investigated. Blood samples were obtained from 223 turtles that were captured in the intake channel of a power plant on Hutchinson Island. A serum androgen sexing technique was utilized to sex individual turtles. The sex ratio of the turtles (2.1 female: 1.0 male) differed significantly from 1:1 and thus appears to differ from predictions of sex allocation theory. These observations are consistent with those of a previous study, and collectively the results suggest that the sex ratio of immature C. caretta inhabiting the Atlantic coastal waters of the United States is significantly female biased: approximately two females per male.

Reproductive strategies in hermaphroditic gastropods: conceptual and empirical approaches

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Nakadera ◽  
Joris M. Koene
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Empirical Approaches

An individual optimizes its reproductive success by adopting a particular reproductive strategy. Studying the details of a reproductive strategy leads to an understanding of how sexual selection acts, as the former is the process via which the individual reproduces successfully. Hermaphroditic gastropods display a bewildering diversity of reproductive strategies, which may be due to their mode of gender expression, when compared with well-studied separate-sexed species. Extensive theoretical, observational, and experimental research has been conducted on this topic. However, despite our knowledge about the reproductive system of hermaphroditic gastropods, we still need to fill the gap between pre- and post-copulatory processes and reproductive success. Here, we review and propose conceptual and empirical approaches aimed at understanding reproductive strategies of hermaphroditic gastropods. In sum, our suggestions are (i) to focus on sex-biased traits, (ii) to take biologically reliable measurements at both the pre- and post-copulatory level that relate to reproductive success, and (iii) to examine the fitness consequences of biased sex allocation.

scholarly journals Sex allocation theory reveals a hidden cost of neonicotinoid exposure in a parasitoid wasp

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20150389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope R. Whitehorn ◽  
Nicola Cook ◽  
Charlotte V. Blackburn ◽  
Sophie M. Gill ◽  
Jade Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Sex Allocation Theory ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fecundity Reduction

Sex allocation theory has proved to be one the most successful theories in evolutionary ecology. However, its role in more applied aspects of ecology has been limited. Here we show how sex allocation theory helps uncover an otherwise hidden cost of neonicotinoid exposure in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis . Female N. vitripennis allocate the sex of their offspring in line with Local Mate Competition (LMC) theory. Neonicotinoids are an economically important class of insecticides, but their deployment remains controversial, with evidence linking them to the decline of beneficial species. We demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, that neonicotinoids disrupt the crucial reproductive behaviour of facultative sex allocation at sub-lethal, field-relevant doses in N. vitripennis . The quantitative predictions we can make from LMC theory show that females exposed to neonicotinoids are less able to allocate sex optimally and that this failure imposes a significant fitness cost. Our work highlights that understanding the ecological consequences of neonicotinoid deployment requires not just measures of mortality or even fecundity reduction among non-target species, but also measures that capture broader fitness costs, in this case offspring sex allocation. Our work also highlights new avenues for exploring how females obtain information when allocating sex under LMC.

Variation in Lifetime Male Fitness inIpomopsis aggregata: Tests of Sex Allocation Theory

1998 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Male Fitness ◽  
Sex Allocation Theory

scholarly journals Sex allocation theory aids species conservation

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce C Robertson ◽  
Graeme P Elliott ◽  
Daryl K Eason ◽  
Mick N Clout ◽  
Neil J Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Individual Survival ◽  
Sex Allocation Theory

Supplementary feeding is often a key tool in the intensive management of captive and threatened species. Although it can increase such parameters as breeding frequency and individual survival, supplementary feeding may produce undesirable side effects that increase overall extinction risk. Recent attempts to increase breeding frequency and success in the kakapo Strigops habroptilus using supplementary feeding inadvertently resulted in highly male-biased chick sex ratios. Here, we describe how the inclusion of sex allocation theory has remedied this conservation dilemma. Our study is the first to manipulate chick sex ratios in an endangered species by altering maternal condition and highlights the importance of incorporating evolutionary theory into modern conservation practice.

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