Clinical Attack Rate and Presentation of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza versus Seasonal Influenza A and B in a Pediatric Cohort in Nicaragua

Introduction: This study investigated the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection and seasonal influenza in the Saurashtra region of India. Methodology: From September 2009 to February 2010, a total of 773 patients with influenza virus attending different hospitals in Rajkot city were studied. Real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection; the clinico-epidemiological features of the disease were closely monitored. Results: Of the 733 patients, 35.4% (274/773) were cases of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza and 64.6% (499/773) were cases of seasonal influenza. Of the 274 patients with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza, the median age was 29.5 years, and 51.5% were males. Only 1.1% positive patients had recent travel history to an infected region. A median time of five days was observed from onset of illness to influenza A (H1N1) diagnosis, and a median time of six days was reported for hospital stay. All admitted influenza A (H1N1) patients received Oseltamivir drug, but only 16.1% received it within two days of onset of illness. One fourth of the admitted positive patients died. The most common symptoms were cough, fever, sore throat, and shortness of breath. The coexisting conditions were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic pulmonary diseases, and pregnancy (p = 0.001). Chest radiography revealed 93% of the positive patients had pneumonia. Conclusion: The clinical course and outcomes of the 2009 pandemic (H1N1) influenza virus are comparable to those of the currently circulating seasonal influenza, with high mortality in influenza A (H1N1) patients.

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Prior Infections With Seasonal Influenza A/H1N1 Virus Reduced the Illness Severity and Epidemic Intensity of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in Healthy Adults

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/cir809 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R. B. Couch ◽

R. L. Atmar ◽

L. M. Franco ◽

J. M. Quarles ◽

D. Nino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Illness Severity ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Pandemic H1n1 ◽

Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Fitness of Pandemic H1N1 and Seasonal influenza A viruses during Co-infectionEvidence of competitive advantage of pandemic H1N1 influenza versus seasonal influenza

PLoS Currents ◽

10.1371/currents.rrn1011 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. RRN1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Daniel Roberto Perez ◽

Erin Sorrell ◽

Matthew Angel ◽

Jianqiang Ye ◽

Danielle Hickman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Influenza A ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Pandemic H1n1 ◽

Influenza A Viruses ◽

Pandemic H1n1 Influenza

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A Functional Variation in CD55 Increases the Severity of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus Infection

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jis378 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 206 (4) ◽

pp. 495-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Jie Zhou ◽

Kelvin Kai-Wang To ◽

Hui Dong ◽

Zhong-Shan Cheng ◽

Candy Choi-Yi Lau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Pandemic H1n1 ◽

Functional Variation ◽

Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽

Influenza A Virus Infection

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Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy Associated with Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Infection

Neurocritical Care ◽

10.1007/s12028-010-9365-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 98-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Marko Kutleša ◽

Marija Santini ◽

Vladimir Krajinović ◽

Dinko Raffanelli ◽

Bruno Baršić

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Axonal Neuropathy ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Pandemic H1n1 ◽

Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy ◽

Pandemic H1n1 Influenza

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Coinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus in a patient with lung cancer

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jmii.2010.03.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 316-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Che-Kim Tan ◽

Chiang-Lian Kao ◽

Jin-Yuan Shih ◽

Li-Na Lee ◽

Chien-Ching Hung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Pandemic H1n1 ◽

Pandemic H1n1 Influenza

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Alice in Wonderland Syndrome Caused by the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/inf.0b013e318223b66c ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 727-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hirohumi Nakaya ◽

Takehisa Yamamoto ◽

Mika Takano ◽

Katsusuke Yamamoto ◽

Yasuhiro Hujikawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Pandemic H1n1 ◽

Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽

Alice In Wonderland

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Risk Factors and Outcomes for Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Compared with Seasonal Influenza in Hospitalized Children in China

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2012/461736 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 199-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qingli Zhang ◽

Wei Ji ◽

Zhongqin Guo ◽

Zhenjiang Bai ◽

Noni E MacDonald

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Case Series ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

The United States ◽

Intensive Care Unit Care ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽

The Mean ◽

Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical features and outcomes of children hospitalized in China with pandemic (p)H1N1 between 2009 and 2010 versus seasonal influenza A between 2008 and 2009.METHODS: Systematic review of laboratory-confirmed admissions to the Children’s Hospital, Soochow University (Suzhou, China).RESULTS: Seventy-five children younger than 14 years of age were admitted with pH1N1, 70 with H3N2 and three with seasonal H1N1. With pH1N1, the mean age was older (36 months versus seven months), the length of stay was longer (nine days versus seven days), underlying conditions were more common (29% versus 15%), anemia was more common (11% versus 0%) (P<0.05), with trends toward more secondary bacterial pneumonia and intensive care unit care, compared with seasonal influenza. Two of the 75 children with pH1N1 died versus no deaths in children with seasonal influenza. None of the children had received pH1N1, seasonal influenza, conjugated pneumococal orHaemophilus influenzaeb vaccines.CONCLUSION: In China, children hospitalized with pH1N1 influenza differed from case series in Canada, Argentina and the United States, suggesting that locale, background and health care system influenced the presentation and outcomes of pandemic and seasonal influenza.

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