Pollen Wall Substructure and Development inTanacetum vulgare(Compositae: Anthemideae): Revisiting Hypotheses on Pattern Formation in Complex Cell Walls

2016 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina I. Gabarayeva ◽  
Valentina V. Grigorjeva ◽  
Stephen Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Complex Cell

The specificity and the ability ofAspergillus feruloyl esterase to releasep-coumaric acid from complex cell walls of oat hulls

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqiang Yu ◽  
John J McKinnon ◽  
David D Maenz ◽  
Vern J Racz ◽  
David A Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Feruloyl Esterase ◽  
Complex Cell ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Oat Hulls

scholarly journals Pectin Rhamnogalacturonan II: On the “Small Stem with Four Branches” in the Primary Cell Walls of Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beda M. Yapo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complex Cell ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan Ii ◽  
Branching Point ◽  
A Chain

Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) is a type of block copolymer of complex pectins that represents a quantitatively minor component of the primary cell walls of land (vascular) plants. The structural composition of RG-II is almost totally sequenced and appears to be remarkably conserved in all tracheophytes so far examined. The backbone of RG-II, released from complex (cell wall) pectins by endo-polygalacturonase (Endo-PG) treatment, has been found to contain up to 15 (1→4)-linked-α-D-GalpA units, some of which carry four well-defined side chains, often referred to as A-, B-, C-, and D-side chains. Nevertheless, the relative locations on the backbone of these four branches, especially the A chain, remain to be ascertained. A combination of different data suggests that neither the terminal nonreducing GalA nor the contiguous GalA unit is likely to be the branching point of the A chain, but probably the ninth GalA residue from the reducing end, assuming a minimum backbone length of 11 (1→4)-linked-α-d-GalpA. The latest reports on RG-II are here highlighted, with a provided update for the macrostructure and array of functionalities.

scholarly journals AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 Is Essential for Pollen Wall Pattern Formation in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 720-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Lei Tian ◽  
Ming-Xi Sun ◽  
Xue-Yong Huang ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Auxin Response

A quantitative investigation of symplasmic transport in Chara corallina. I. Ultrastructure of the nodal complex cell walls

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fischer ◽  
J. Dainty ◽  
M. T. Tyree
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Central Cell ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Complex Cell ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Peripheral Cell ◽  
Internodal Cell ◽  
Symplasmic Transport

We present a quantitative ultrastructural study of the size and frequency (density distribution) of plasmodesmata in the cell wall in common between the internodal cell and peripheral cell (and central cell) of Chara corallina. In the wall in common between the central cell and internodal cell the relative area occupied by plasmodesmata is 15.3%; the pore diameter (less the plasmalemma) is 118 nm; the length is 1.54 μm, and the frequency is 1.4 × 109 pores/cm2. In the wall in common between the peripheral cell and internodal cell the relative area occupied by the plasmodesmata is 9.6%; the pore diameter is 100 nm; the length is 1.07 μm; and the frequency is 1.2 × 109 pores/cm2. The plasmodesmata have an anastomosing structure like Nitella translucens but the pore diameter and frequency are much greater.

Complex Cell Walls

Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 306 (5705) ◽  
pp. 2160f-2160f
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Complex Cell

scholarly journals Long-term single-cell imaging and simulations of microtubules reveal driving forces for wall pattering during proto-xylem development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Schneider ◽  
Kris van ’t Klooster ◽  
Kelsey Picard ◽  
Jasper van der Gucht ◽  
Taku Demura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Single Cell Imaging ◽  
Local Recruitment

ABSTRACTPlants are the tallest organisms on Earth; a feature sustained by solute-transporting xylem vessels in the plant vasculature. The xylem vessels are supported by strong cell walls that are assembled in intricate patterns. Cortical microtubules direct wall deposition and need to rapidly re-organize during xylem cell development. We established long-term live-cell imaging of single Arabidopsis cells undergoing proto-xylem trans-differentiation, resulting in spiral wall patterns, to investigate the microtubule re-organization. The initial disperse microtubule array rapidly readjusted into well-defined microtubule bands, which required local de-stabilization of individual microtubules in band-interspersing gap regions. Using extensive microtubule simulations, we could recapitulate the process in silico and found that local recruitment of microtubule-bound nucleation is critical for pattern formation, which we confirmed in vivo. Our simulations further indicated that the initial microtubule alignment impact microtubule band patterning. We confirmed this prediction using katanin mutants, which have microtubule organization defects, and uncovered active KATANIN recruitment to the forming microtubule bands. Our combination of quantitative microscopy and modelling outlines a framework towards a comprehensive understanding of microtubule re-organization during wall pattern formation.

scholarly journals ENDOMEMBRANES AND POLLEN WALL PATTERN FORMATION IN VIGNA VEXILLATA L.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 642a-642
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Perez-Munoz ◽  
Barbara D. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Vigna Vexillata ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Proceeds

During the initiation of pollen exine wall formation in Vigna, localized accumulations of membranes in the microspore cortex coincide with sites which during further development reflect the lumina of me reticulate exine, and with apertural sites. Multi-membrane bodies are prominent in the cytoplasm, especially subtending aperture sites. Multi-membrane structures continue to be present as pollen wall development proceeds, notably during the early patterning stages. Labelling with the endomembrane-specific fluorochrome DiOC6 does not conclusively lead to membrane identification. However, electron micrographs illustrate elaborate membrane systems during stages when the most obvious developmental activity is initiation of the microspore wall. This suggests that there may be a causal relationship between endomembranes and exine pattern formation.

Complex Cell Walls

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (265) ◽  
pp. tw13-tw13
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Complex Cell
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